• Centos6.6下安装nginx1.6.3


    安装环境:

    [root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
    [root@nginx ~]# uname -r
    2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
    

    Nginx安装

    1:安装必须的包

    [root@nginx ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel openssl-devel
    

    pcre全称(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions),中文perl兼容正则表达式!(nginxrewite模块需要它)

    2:添加虚拟用户

    [root@nginx tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
    [root@nginx tools]# id nginx
    uid=501(nginx) gid=501(nginx) groups=501(nginx)

    3:新建一目录,用于安装nginx

    [root@nginx nginx-1.6.3]# mkdir /application

    4:下载nginx

    wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

    百度下载:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jIE37Oa

    微云下载:https://share.weiyun.com/8b3117629c6381199df93809ce26d81e

    5:编译安装nginx

    wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
    tar zxf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
    ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
    make        #只要结尾没有报错就OK
    make install
    

    6:创建软链接

    [root@nginx application]# ln -s nginx-1.6.3 nginx
    [root@nginx application]# ll
    total 4
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   11 Feb 14 21:31 nginx -> nginx-1.6.3
    drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Feb 14 21:30 nginx-1.6.3
    

    7:启动nginx

    [root@nginx application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
    

    查看是否启动成功:

    [root@nginx application]# ps -ef|grep nginx
    root      5205     1  0 21:32 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
    nginx     5206  5205  0 21:32 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process        
    root      5208   967  0 21:32 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx
    

    查看nginx端口号:

    [root@nginx application]# ss -lnput|grep nginx
    tcp    LISTEN     0      511                    *:80                    *:*      users:(("nginx",5205,6),("nginx",5206,6))
    

    停掉nginx:

    [root@nginx application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
    

    重启nginx:

    [root@nginx application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    

    以上就是nginx1.6.3的安装!此时在windonws浏览器下输入IP地址,即可看到如下页面:

    Linux本机测试:

    [root@nginx application]# curl 192.168.17.15
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
    <style>
        body {
             35em;
            margin: 0 auto;
            font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
        }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
    <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
    working. Further configuration is required.</p>
    
    <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
    <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
    Commercial support is available at
    <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
    
    <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
    </body>
    </html>

    nginx常用模块介绍

    nginx技术内幕课程视频:http://edu.51cto.com/lesson/id-56899.html

    nginx核心模块:http://nginx.org/en/docs

    Nginx配置文件(nginx.conf)配置详解

    [root@ClientA nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
    
    #user  nobody;								#Nginx用户及组:用户 组。window下不指定
    worker_processes  1;							#工作进程:数目。根据硬件调整,通常等于CPU数量或者2倍于CPU。
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;					#pid(进程标识符):存放路径。
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    #每个工作进程的最大连接数量。根据硬件调整,和前面工作进程配合起来用,尽量大,但是别把cpu跑到100%就行。每个进程允许的最多连接数,理论上每台nginx服务器的最大连接数为:worker_processes*worker_connections
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;			#设定mime类型,类型由mime.type文件定义
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;			#开启高效传输模式
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

    基于域名的虚拟主机配置步骤

    为了让配置文件规范化,我们使用一个网站一个配置文件,操作步骤如下:

    1:编辑nginx.conf配置文件

    [root@nginx application]# vim /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    worker_processes  1;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        # nginx vhosts config
        include extra/www.conf;
        #include extra/bbs.conf;
        #include extra/blog.conf;      ##如果有多个网站在这里添加配置文件路径                      
    }
    ##编辑后的文件,删除了注释,添加include几行
    

    2:在/application/nginx/conf/extra目录下创建对应的网站配置文件

    [root@nginx conf]# mkdir extra
    [root@nginx conf]# cd extra
    [root@nginx extra]# cat www.conf
    server {
        listen  80;
        server_name www.ginvip.com alias ginvip.com;
        location / {
            root    html/ginvip;
            index   index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    

    上面的alias ginvip.com就是别名配置!类似于IIS里的301重定向

    3:创建对应的网站目录(路径就是上面的配置文件中:html/ginvip)

    [root@nginx nginx]# mkdir html/ginvip
    

    4:创建测试文件

    [root@nginx nginx]# cd html/ginvip
    [root@nginx ginvip]# ll
    total 0
    [root@nginx ginvip]# echo "this is a test nginx website" >index.html
    [root@nginx ginvip]# ll
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Feb 14 22:07 index.html
    

    5:检查语法,重启nginx

    [root@nginx ginvip]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t      
    nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@nginx ginvip]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    

    6:添加IP,域名到本地的hosts文件

    Linux平台添加:

    [root@nginx ginvip]# vim /etc/hosts
    192.168.17.15   www.ginvip.com ginvip.com
    

    windows平台添加:(路径:C:WindowsSystem32driversetchosts)

    7:测试

    Linux平台测试:

    [root@nginx ginvip]# curl www.ginvip.com
    this is a test nginx website
    

    测试别名:

    [root@nginx ginvip]# curl ginvip.com
    this is a test nginx website

    windows平台测试:

    基于端口的虚拟主机配置

    基于端口的虚拟主机在生产环境中不多见,仅偶尔会用到,一般是为公司内部人员提供访问的,如OA系统,网站程序的后台,CMS发布后台,Mysqlweb客户端phpmyadmin等。

    配置文件中的配置与基于域名的配置大致一样,只是修改上面配置文件中的80端口为你想要访问的端口!测试访问的时候,域名后面加上 :端口号

    基于IP的虚拟主机实战

    只需要在配置文件中的80端口前加上IP地址即可!

    Nginx状态信息功能实战

    1:在extra目录增加一个status.conf配置文件,内容如下:

    [root@nginx nginx]# vim conf/extra/status.conf
    ## website status 
    server {
        listen  80;
        server_name status.ginvip.com;
        location / {
            stub_status on;  #开启http_stub_status_module模块
            access_log  off;
        }
    }

    2:在主配置文件包含status.conf配置文件

    [root@nginx nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
    worker_processes  1;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        # nginx vhosts config
        include extra/www.conf;
        include extra/status.conf;
    }
    

    3:检查语法,重启nginx

    [root@nginx nginx]# sbin/nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@nginx nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload
    

    4:添加域名到/etc/hosts文件

    5:测试status.ginvip.com

    [root@nginx nginx]# curl status.ginvip.com
    Active connections: 1      #活跃的连接数量
    server accepts handled requests
     4      4        4       4 
    Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
    

    第一个server表示Nginx启动到现在共处理了4个连接

    第三个accepts表示Nginx启动到现在共成功创建了4次握手:请求丢失数=(握手数-连接数),可以看出,本次状态显示没有丢失请求

    第三个handled requests,表示总共处理了4次请求

    Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0

    ReadingNginx读取到客户端的header信息数

    WritingNginx返回给客户端的header信息数

    WaitingNginx已经处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接。开启keep-alive的情况下,这个值等于active-(reading+writing)

    Nginx增加错误日志(error_log)配置

    error_log的语法格式及参数语法说明如下:

    error_log		file				level;
    #关键字		    日志文件	            错误日志级别

    生产场景一般是warn|error|crit这三个级别之一,注意不要配置info等较低级别,会带来更多的磁盘I/O消耗

    error_log的默认值为:

    #default:	error_log	logs/error.log	error;

    可以放置的标签段为:

    #context:	main,	http,	server,	location
    

    官方参考资料:http://nginx.org/docs/ngx_core_module.html#error_log

    在主配置文件nginx.conf中添加日志项:

    [root@nginx nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
    worker_processes  1;
    error_log   logs/error.log  error;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        # nginx vhosts config
        include extra/www.conf;
        include extra/status.conf;
    }
    

    Nginx访问日志介绍

    Nginx软件会把每个用户访问网站的日志信息记录到指定的日志文件里,供网站提供都分析用户浏览器行为等,此功能由ngx_http_log_module模块负责。

    对应官方地址:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html

    Nginx的访问日志主要由下面的两个参数控制:

    参数

    说明

    log_format

    用来定义记录日志的格式(可以定义多种日志格式,取不同名字即可)

    access_log

    用来指定日志文件的路径及使用的何种日志格式记录日志

    Nginx日志格式中默认的参数配置格如下:

    [root@ClientA nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf.default
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    将上面三行代码去掉#号,复制到主配置文件nginx.conf

    [root@nginx nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
    worker_processes  1;
    error_log   logs/error.log  error;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
        # nginx vhosts config
        include extra/www.conf;
        include extra/status.conf;
    }
    

    Nginx日志变量说明如下:

    Nginx日志变量

    说明

    $remote_addr

    记录访问网站的客户端地址

    $http_x_forwarded_for

    当前端有代理服务器时,设置WEB节点记录客户端地址的配置,此参数生效的前提是代理服务器上也要进行相关的x_forwarded_for设置

    $remote_user

    远程客户端用户名称

    $time_local

    记录访问时间与时区

    $request

    用户的http请求起始行信息

    $status

    http状态码,记录请求返回的状态,如:200 , 404 , 301

    $body_bytes_sents

    服务器发送给客户端的响应body字节数

    $http_referer

    记录此次请求是从哪个链接访问过来的,可以根据referer进行防盗链设置

    $http_user_agent

    记录客户端访问信息,如:浏览器,手机客户端

    没有特殊要求,默认的配置即可,更多可以设置的记录日志信息变量见:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html

    记录日志的access_log参数说明

    access_log  off;	#这里的off,表示不记录访问日志
    

    默认配置:access_log logs/access.log combined;

    放置位置:http , server , location , if in location , limit_except

    访问日志最好在单独的配置文件中配置:

    [root@nginx nginx]# cat conf/extra/www.conf    
    server {
        listen  80;
        server_name www.ginvip.com alias ginvip.com;
        location / {
            root    html/ginvip;
            index   index.html index.htm;
        }
        access_log  logs/access_www.log main;
    }
    

    如果不指定日志格式就会用默认的combined格式记录日志

    也可以对日志进行压缩,可以在记录日志参数中加上bufferflush选项,这样做会在高并发场景下提升网站访问....

    access_log	logs/access_www.log	main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;

    更多内容参考:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html

    Nginx访问日志轮询切割

    默认情况nginx会把所有的访问日志生成到一个指定的访问日志文件access.log里,如果自己配置了日志,如上面我就对网站做了配置,写到了logs/access_www.conf文件里,时间长了会导致日志容量过大,不利于分析日志和处理,因此,有必要对Nginx按天或按指定时间进行切割成不同的文件保留,这里使用按天切割的方法:

    [root@nginx scripts]# cat cut_nginx_log.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    Dateformat=`date +%Y%m%d -d -1day`
    Basedir='/application/nginx'
    Nginxlogdir="$Basedir/logs"
    Logname="access_www"
    [ -d $Nginxlogdir ] && cd $Nginxlogdir || exit 1
    [ -f ${Logname}.log ] || exit 1
    /bin/mv ${Logname}.log ${Dateformat}_${Logname}.log
    $Basedir/sbin/nginx -s reload

    将此脚本加入到定时任务中即可!

    Nginx常用日志收集及分析工具

    见:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/775056

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ginvip/p/6399306.html
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