• Fragment的常用写法


    一般通过add、show、hide相结合的方法来控制Fragment的显示和隐藏,这样不会再重写一遍Fragment的生命周期,节省了时间和内存,当然特殊需求除外。

    package com.example.lzp;
    
    import android.os.PersistableBundle;
    import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
    import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.widget.RadioGroup;
    
    public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener{
    
        // 负责全局的FragmentManager, 建议使用support包中的FramengManager类
        private FragmentManager fm;
        private Fragment oneFragment, twoFragment, threeFragment;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
            RadioGroup tabRadio = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.tab_radio);
            tabRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
            if (oneFragment == null){
                oneFragment = new OneFragment();
            }
            fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, oneFragment).commit();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
            FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
            switch (checkedId){
                case R.id.one:
                    // 判断是否为空
                    if (oneFragment == null){
                        oneFragment = new OneFragment();
                    }
                    // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中
                    // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add
                    if (oneFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.show(oneFragment);
                    }else{
                        transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment);
                    }
                    // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment
                    if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(twoFragment);
                    }
                    if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(threeFragment);
                    }
                    break;
    
                case R.id.two:
                    // 判断是否为空
                    if (twoFragment == null){
                        twoFragment = new TwoFragment();
                    }
                    // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中
                    // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add
                    if (twoFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.show(twoFragment);
                    }else{
                        transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,twoFragment);
                    }
                    // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment
                    if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(oneFragment);
                    }
                    if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(threeFragment);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.three:
                    // 判断是否为空
                    if (threeFragment == null){
                        threeFragment = new ThreeFragment();
                    }
                    // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中
                    // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add
                    if (threeFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.show(threeFragment);
                    }else{
                        transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,threeFragment);
                    }
                    // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment
                    if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(twoFragment);
                    }
                    if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(oneFragment);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
            super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
        }
    }

    很多初学的开发者认为写出上面的代码就可以了。实际上在功能是没有问题的,但是却有一个隐藏的巨大bug,假如MainActivity被回收,那也就说明MainActivity中所有的对象都被回收了,包括之前创建过的三个fragment,下次回到MainActivity的时候还会再创建一遍,判断是否已经添加过还是返回false,这样的情况出现多次,容器中就会添加了很多的同一类型的fragnment,最终出现内存溢出。
    解决办法1: 
    借助Activity的onSaveInstanceState()

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            if (savedInstanceState != null){
                //obj = savedInstanceState.getSerializable(key);
                obj = savedInstanceState.getParcelableArray(key);
            }
    
            ......
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
            super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
            //outState.putSerializable(key, obj);
            outState.putParcelable(key, obj);
    }

    这个方法会在activi回收的时候回调,可以重写这个方法保存一些我们想保存的信息,view的状态信息一般已经被自动保存了,不需要我们特意去写(实际测试锤子和坚果手机除外)。上面两个方法帮助我们保存对象,这个类必须实现可序列化接口,android系统推荐的是使用第二个方法--Parcelable。下次回到Activity的时候去判断是否有保存的信息,取出之前保存的对象即可。

    解决办法2:

    通过给fragment设置标签来保证容器中只有同一个类型的对象

    transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment, "oneFragment");

    add方法中的第三个参数就是我们设置的标签,同一个类型我们设置一个唯一的标签,切换的时候通过标签获取对象:

    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    oneFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("oneFragment");
    if(oneFragment == null){
    oneFragment
    = new OneFragment();
    }...

    下面贴出第二种方法的完整代码:

    package com.example.lzp;
    
    import android.os.PersistableBundle;
    import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
    import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.widget.RadioGroup;
    
    public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener{
    
        // 负责全局的FragmentManager, 建议使用support包中的FramengManager类
        private FragmentManager fm;
        private Fragment oneFragment, twoFragment, threeFragment;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
            RadioGroup tabRadio = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.tab_radio);
            tabRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
            // 如果不需要恢复之前的状态,默认显示的是第一个oneFragment
            if (savedInstanceState == null){
                if (oneFragment == null){
                    oneFragment = new OneFragment();
                }
                fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, oneFragment).commit();
            }
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
            FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
            switch (checkedId){
                case R.id.one:
                    // 从容器通过标签获取相同类型的Fragment
                    oneFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("OneFragment");
                    // 判断是否为空
                    if (oneFragment == null){
                        oneFragment = new OneFragment();
                    }
                    // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中
                    // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add
                    if (oneFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.show(oneFragment);
                    }else{
                        transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment, "OneFragment");
                    }
                    // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment
                    if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(twoFragment);
                    }
                    if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(threeFragment);
                    }
                    break;
    
                case R.id.two:
                    // 从容器通过标签获取相同类型的Fragment
                    twoFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("TwoFragment");
                    // 判断是否为空
                    if (twoFragment == null){
                        twoFragment = new TwoFragment();
                    }
                    // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中
                    // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add
                    if (twoFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.show(twoFragment);
                    }else{
                        transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,twoFragment, "TwoFragment");
                    }
                    // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment
                    if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(oneFragment);
                    }
                    if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(threeFragment);
                    }
                    break;
                case R.id.three:
                    // 从容器通过标签获取相同类型的Fragment
                    threeFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("ThreeFragment");
                    // 判断是否为空
                    if (threeFragment == null){
                        threeFragment = new ThreeFragment();
                    }
                    // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中
                    // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add
                    if (threeFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.show(threeFragment);
                    }else{
                        transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,threeFragment);
                    }
                    // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment
                    if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(twoFragment);
                    }
                    if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
                        transaction.hide(oneFragment);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
        }
    
    }

     http://blog.csdn.net/u011315960/article/details/51192635

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/genggeng/p/6780017.html
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