一般通过add、show、hide相结合的方法来控制Fragment的显示和隐藏,这样不会再重写一遍Fragment的生命周期,节省了时间和内存,当然特殊需求除外。
package com.example.lzp; import android.os.PersistableBundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.RadioGroup; public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener{ // 负责全局的FragmentManager, 建议使用support包中的FramengManager类 private FragmentManager fm; private Fragment oneFragment, twoFragment, threeFragment; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); RadioGroup tabRadio = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.tab_radio); tabRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this); if (oneFragment == null){ oneFragment = new OneFragment(); } fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, oneFragment).commit(); } @Override public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) { FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction(); switch (checkedId){ case R.id.one: // 判断是否为空 if (oneFragment == null){ oneFragment = new OneFragment(); } // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中 // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add if (oneFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.show(oneFragment); }else{ transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment); } // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(twoFragment); } if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(threeFragment); } break; case R.id.two: // 判断是否为空 if (twoFragment == null){ twoFragment = new TwoFragment(); } // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中 // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add if (twoFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.show(twoFragment); }else{ transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,twoFragment); } // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(oneFragment); } if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(threeFragment); } break; case R.id.three: // 判断是否为空 if (threeFragment == null){ threeFragment = new ThreeFragment(); } // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中 // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add if (threeFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.show(threeFragment); }else{ transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,threeFragment); } // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(twoFragment); } if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(oneFragment); } break; default: break; } transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState); } }
很多初学的开发者认为写出上面的代码就可以了。实际上在功能是没有问题的,但是却有一个隐藏的巨大bug,假如MainActivity被回收,那也就说明MainActivity中所有的对象都被回收了,包括之前创建过的三个fragment,下次回到MainActivity的时候还会再创建一遍,判断是否已经添加过还是返回false,这样的情况出现多次,容器中就会添加了很多的同一类型的fragnment,最终出现内存溢出。
解决办法1:
借助Activity的onSaveInstanceState()
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); if (savedInstanceState != null){ //obj = savedInstanceState.getSerializable(key); obj = savedInstanceState.getParcelableArray(key); } ...... } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState); //outState.putSerializable(key, obj); outState.putParcelable(key, obj); }
这个方法会在activi回收的时候回调,可以重写这个方法保存一些我们想保存的信息,view的状态信息一般已经被自动保存了,不需要我们特意去写(实际测试锤子和坚果手机除外)。上面两个方法帮助我们保存对象,这个类必须实现可序列化接口,android系统推荐的是使用第二个方法--Parcelable。下次回到Activity的时候去判断是否有保存的信息,取出之前保存的对象即可。
解决办法2:
通过给fragment设置标签来保证容器中只有同一个类型的对象
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment, "oneFragment");
add方法中的第三个参数就是我们设置的标签,同一个类型我们设置一个唯一的标签,切换的时候通过标签获取对象:
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); oneFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("oneFragment"); if(oneFragment == null){
oneFragment = new OneFragment();
}...
下面贴出第二种方法的完整代码:
package com.example.lzp; import android.os.PersistableBundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.RadioGroup; public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener{ // 负责全局的FragmentManager, 建议使用support包中的FramengManager类 private FragmentManager fm; private Fragment oneFragment, twoFragment, threeFragment; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); RadioGroup tabRadio = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.tab_radio); tabRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this); // 如果不需要恢复之前的状态,默认显示的是第一个oneFragment if (savedInstanceState == null){ if (oneFragment == null){ oneFragment = new OneFragment(); } fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, oneFragment).commit(); } } @Override public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) { FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction(); switch (checkedId){ case R.id.one: // 从容器通过标签获取相同类型的Fragment oneFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("OneFragment"); // 判断是否为空 if (oneFragment == null){ oneFragment = new OneFragment(); } // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中 // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add if (oneFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.show(oneFragment); }else{ transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment, "OneFragment"); } // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(twoFragment); } if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(threeFragment); } break; case R.id.two: // 从容器通过标签获取相同类型的Fragment twoFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("TwoFragment"); // 判断是否为空 if (twoFragment == null){ twoFragment = new TwoFragment(); } // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中 // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add if (twoFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.show(twoFragment); }else{ transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,twoFragment, "TwoFragment"); } // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(oneFragment); } if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(threeFragment); } break; case R.id.three: // 从容器通过标签获取相同类型的Fragment threeFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("ThreeFragment"); // 判断是否为空 if (threeFragment == null){ threeFragment = new ThreeFragment(); } // 判断是否添加这个fragment对象是否已经添加到容器中 // 如果已经添加过了,就show,如果没有添加就add if (threeFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.show(threeFragment); }else{ transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,threeFragment); } // 隐藏掉其他的两个fragment if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(twoFragment); } if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){ transaction.hide(oneFragment); } break; default: break; } transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); } }