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Python生成随机验证码，需要使用PIL模块.python3则是pillow
安装：
pip install pillow
基本使用
1、创建图片
from PIL import Image
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
# 在图片查看器中打开
# img.show()
# 保存在本地
with open('code.png','wb') as f:
img.save(f,format='png')
2、创建画笔，用于在图片上画任意内容
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3、画点
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示坐标 # 第二个参数：表示颜色 draw.point([100, 100], fill="red") draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))
4、画线
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标和结束坐标 # 第二个参数：表示颜色 draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red') draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))
5、画圆
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标和结束坐标（圆要画在其中间） # 第二个参数：表示开始角度 # 第三个参数：表示结束角度 # 第四个参数：表示颜色 draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")
6、写文本
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标 # 第二个参数：表示写入内容 # 第三个参数：表示颜色 draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")
7、特殊字体文字
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数：表示字体文件路径
# 第二个参数：表示字体大小
font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# 第一个参数：表示起始坐标
# 第二个参数：表示写入内容
# 第三个参数：表示颜色
# 第四个参数：表示颜色
draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)
图片验证码
import random
def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
code = []
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
def rndChar():
"""
生成随机字母
:return:
"""
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
def rndColor():
"""
生成随机颜色
:return:
"""
return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 写文字
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
for i in range(char_length):
char = rndChar()
code.append(char)
h = random.randint(0, 4)
draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰点
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰圆圈
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
x = random.randint(0, width)
y = random.randint(0, height)
draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
# 画干扰线
for i in range(5):
x1 = random.randint(0, width)
y1 = random.randint(0, height)
x2 = random.randint(0, width)
y2 = random.randint(0, height)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
return img,''.join(code)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. 直接打开
# img,code = check_code()
# img.show()
# 2. 写入文件
# img,code = check_code()
# with open('code.png','wb') as f:
# img.save(f,format='png')
# 3. 写入内存(Python3)
# from io import BytesIO
# stream = BytesIO()
# img.save(stream, 'png')
# stream.getvalue()
# 4. 写入内存（Python2）
# import StringIO
# stream = StringIO.StringIO()
# img.save(stream, 'png')
# stream.getvalue()
pass
def validcode(request): import random from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont from io import BytesIO img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 40), color=(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, 'RGB') font = ImageFont.truetype('app01/static/font/kumo.ttf', 25) valid_list = [] for i in range(5): random_num = str(random.randint(0, 9)) random_upper_alp = chr(random.randint(65, 90)) random_lower_alp = chr(random.randint(97, 122)) valid_ele = random.choice([random_num, random_upper_alp, random_lower_alp]) valid_list.append(valid_ele) draw.text([5 + i * 24, 10], valid_ele, (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)), font=font) # 写干扰点 for i in range(40): draw.point([random.randint(0, 120), random.randint(0, 40)], fill=(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))) # 写干扰圆圈 for i in range(40): draw.point([random.randint(0, 120), random.randint(0, 40)], fill=(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))) x = random.randint(0, 120) y = random.randint(0, 40) draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))) # 画干扰线 for i in range(5): x1 = random.randint(0, 120) y1 = random.randint(0, 40) x2 = random.randint(0, 120) y2 = random.randint(0, 40) draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=(random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))) f = BytesIO() img.save(f, 'png') data = f.getvalue() valid_str = ''.join(valid_list) #将验证码拼接成字符串 print(valid_str) request.session["keepValidCode"] = valid_str #将验证码保存在session中，方便在登陆时验证 return HttpResponse(data)
from app01 import models from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout def log_in(request): '''登陆''' if request.method == 'GET': form = LoginForm() return render(request, 'login.html', {'form': form}) else: data = request.POST form = LoginForm(data=data) validcode = request.POST.get('validcode') if not form.is_valid(): return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dict(form.errors))) if validcode.upper() != request.session["keepValidCode"].upper(): return HttpResponse(json.dumps('codeError')) user = authenticate(**form.cleaned_data) # user=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(**form.cleaned_data) if not user: return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'flag': False, 'msg': "用户名或者密码错误"})) else: login(request, user) #设置session return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'flag': True}))
# 登录获取验证码 def get_valid_img(request): # 方式一 with open("mj.jpg", "rb") as f: data = f.read() # 方式二 # import PIL # from PIL import Image # # image = Image.new("RGB", (250, 40), "green") #图片模式，大小，颜色 # # with open("valid_code.png", "wb") as f: # image.save(f, "png") # with open("valid_code.png", "rb") as f: # data = f.read() # 方式三 # import PIL # from PIL import Image # import random # # # def get_random_color(): # 随机颜色 # return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)) # # # image = Image.new("RGB", (250, 40), get_random_color()) # # with open("valid_code.png", "wb") as f: # image.save(f, "png") # with open("valid_code.png", "rb") as f: # data = f.read() # 方式四 # from PIL import Image # import random # # def get_random_color(): # 随机颜色 # return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)) # # image = Image.new("RGB", (250, 40), get_random_color()) #生成的图片保存在内存 # from io import BytesIO # f = BytesIO() # image.save(f, "png") #生成的图片保存在内存，png的格式 # data = f.getvalue() #取出来 # f.close() #方式五 from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont import random def get_random_color(): # 随机颜色 return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)) #红，绿，蓝 image = Image.new("RGB", (250, 40), get_random_color()) #图片模式，大小，颜色 draw=ImageDraw.Draw(image) #在图片上写内容 font=ImageFont.truetype("blog/static/font/kumo.ttf",size=32) #设置字体样式和大小 temp=[] #空列表保存生成的随机字符 # 生成五个随机字符 for i in range(5): random_num=str(random.randint(0,9)) #生成1——9de 随机数 int转成 str random_low_alpha=chr(random.randint(97,122)) #生成a——z的随机小写字母 random_upper_alpha=chr(random.randint(65,90))#生成A——Z的随机大写字母 random_char=random.choice([random_num,random_low_alpha,random_upper_alpha]) #数字，小写字母，大写字母，随机挑选 #在生成的验证码图片添加内容样式 #坐标，文本内容，图片颜色，字体 draw.text((24+i*36,0),random_char,get_random_color(),font=font) # 生成的验证码内容添加到列表中保存,方便登录时校验 temp.append(random_char) # 噪点噪线 width=250 height=40 for i in range(2): x1=random.randint(0,width) x2=random.randint(0,width) y1=random.randint(0,height) y2=random.randint(0,height) draw.line((x1,y1,x2,y2),fill=get_random_color()) for i in range(2): draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=get_random_color()) x = random.randint(0, width) y = random.randint(0, height) draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=get_random_color()) #在内存中生成图片 from io import BytesIO f = BytesIO() image.save(f, "png") #生成的图片保存在内存，png的格式 data = f.getvalue() #取出来 f.close() valid_str="".join(temp) #列表转换成字符串,与文本框输入的内容作比较 # session将验证码保存在数据库 request.session["valid_str"]=valid_str return HttpResponse(data) #返回验证码内容
img中str实现局部刷新验证码
html
<p><label class="lbright">验证码：</label> <span> <input type="text" name="validcode" style="70px; vertical-align:middle;" id="validcode"/> <img id="codePic" src="http://127.0.0.1:8888/TP/codePic" width="60" height="21" style="vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer;"/> </span> <a class="blurry" id="newPic" onclick="getPic();">看不清楚，换一张</a> </p>
js
<script type="text/javascript">
function getPic(){
$("#codePic").attr("src","http://127.0.0.1:8888/TP/codePic?flag="+Math.random());
};
</script>
或
// 验证码刷新
$(".validCode_img").click(function () {
$(this)[0].src+="?"
})
这部分最重要的就是 $("#codePic").attr("src","http://127.0.0.1:8888/TP/codePic?flag="+Math.random()); 这部分的代码。如果不加flag="+Math.random()是实现不了局部刷新的功能的。因为src中如果每次访问的地址一样的话就会发生不更新的情况。具体为什么会发生这种情况大家可以自己去研究。而codePic其实是一个action。这个action的功能是利用java画笔画出验证码并打包成图片返回给img中的src。