• Flask--请求进来后流程


    启动先执行manage.py 中的    app.run()

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
       def
    run(self, host=None, port=None, debug=None, **options):   from werkzeug.serving import run_simple   try:   #run_simple 是werkzeug 提供的方法,会执行第三个参数 self()   run_simple(host, port, self, **options)

    执行app(),对象()表示调用对象的__call__方法

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
       def __call__(self, environ, start_response): return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)

    又调用了app.wsgi_app方法

    复制代码
    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
       def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response): #1.
         ctx = self.request_context(environ)
         #self.request_context #2. ctx.push()
         try: try:
              #3.执行视图函数
    response = self.full_dispatch_request() except Exception as e: error = e
              #4. response
    = self.handle_exception(e) except: error = sys.exc_info()[1] raise return response(environ, start_response) finally:
           #5.
    ctx.auto_pop(error)
    复制代码

    第1步:执行app.request_context方法,把请求的相关信息传进去了

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
       def request_context(self, environ): return RequestContext(self, environ)

    返回了一个RequestContext类的实例对象

    复制代码
    class RequestContext(object):
       def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None): self.app = app if request is None: request = app.request_class(environ)
           #app.request_class = Request self.request
    = request self.session = None
    复制代码

    在init构造方法中注意app又调用了request_class方法,这时候我们所实例化的app中默认参数request_class中有一个Request的类,

    那么第1步我们知道:

    ctx是一个RequestContext对象,这个对象里面封装了两个主要的属性,一个是self.request = Request实例的对象,Request对象里面封装了请求进来的所有数据;
    另外一个是self.session = None就可以了

    第2步:执行ctx.push()方法

    因为ctx是RequestContext类的对象,那我们就要去RequestContext类中找push方法

    复制代码
    class RequestContext(object):
       def push(self):      #2.1. app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app: app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
                # self.app.app_context = app.app_context = AppContext(app) app_ctx.push()

         #2.2.
         _request_ctx_stack.push(self)
            #_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
         #2.3.
            self.session = self.app.open_session(self.request)

            #判断没有 secret_key时:
            if self.session is None:
                self.session = self.app.make_null_session()
                #raise RuntimeError('The session is unavailable because no secret ''key was set.)
    复制代码

    第2.1步:到_app_ctx_stack这个栈中取最后一个数据,如果未取到或者取到的不是当前的app,就调用app.app_context()方法,就是新实例一个上下文app_ctx对象,再执行app_ctx.push()方法     (在这再次强调,因为app_ctxAppContext对象,就要先去AppContext类中找push方法),

    class AppContext(object):
       def push(self): _app_ctx_stack.push(self) #把新创建的app_ctx上下文app对象添加到了_app_ctx_stack这个栈中 appcontext_pushed.send(self.app) #在这里遇到了第一个信号,请求app上下文push时执行

    第2.2步:LocalStack类的对象调用push方法

    复制代码
    class LocalStack(object):
       def push(self, obj): rv = getattr(self._local, 'stack', None) #self._local = Local()
         #第一次的时候rv肯定是None
    if rv is None: self._local.stack = rv = [] #Local对象 .stack = rv = [] 就执行了对象的 __setattr__方法 rv.append(obj) #把 ctx对象添加到Local类的列表中 return rv
    复制代码
    复制代码
    try:
        from greenlet import getcurrent as get_ident
    except ImportError:
        try:
            from thread import get_ident
        except ImportError:
            from _thread import get_ident
    
    class Local(object):    
        def __init__(self):
            object.__setattr__(self, '__storage__', {}) #这里为什么用object.__setattr__ 而不是直接用self.__storage__={}
            object.__setattr__(self, '__ident_func__', get_ident) #如果用self的方式设置属性,就会触发self的__setattr__方法,就会无限的循环
      
    def __setattr__(self, name, value): ident = self.__ident_func__() storage = self.__storage__ try: storage[ident][name] = value # {"唯一标识1":{"stack":[]},"唯一标识2":{"stack":[]}} 和本地线程类似 except KeyError: storage[ident] = {name: value}
    复制代码

     第2.3步:给ctx.session赋值,执行app.open_session(ctx.request)

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
       def open_session(self, request): return self.session_interface.open_session(self, request)
         #return SecureCookieSessionInterface().open_session(app, request)
         #所以就要去SecureCookieSessionInterface类找open_session方法
    复制代码
    class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
       def open_session(self, app, request): # 查看 是否有secret_key s = self.get_signing_serializer(app) if s is None: return None
    val
    = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name) # 请求第一次来的时候取不到值 if not val: return self.session_class() #返回了一个 类似字典 max_age = total_seconds(app.permanent_session_lifetime) try: data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age) #loads 作用是: 反序列化+解析乱码 return self.session_class(data) ##返回了一个 类似字典对象,对象里面有data except BadSignature: return self.session_class()
    复制代码

    那么第2步我们知道:

    1.把app_ctx上下文对象添加到了_app_ctx_stack这个栈中
    2.把 ctx请求对象添加到Local类的列表中
    3.执行open_session方法,把session加载到内

     第3步:app.full_dispatch_request()   执行视图函数 

    复制代码
    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def full_dispatch_request(self):
            #3.1
            self.try_trigger_before_first_request_functions()
            try:
                request_started.send(self)     # 信号 - 请求到来前执行
                # 3.2
                rv = self.preprocess_request()
                if rv is None:
                    # 3.3 如果所有的中间件都通过了, 执行视图函数
                    rv = self.dispatch_request()
         #3.4
            return self.finalize_request(rv)
    复制代码

    第3.1步:找到所有的 执行一次的 伪中间件 执行

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def try_trigger_before_first_request_functions(self):
    
            with self._before_request_lock:
                for func in self.before_first_request_funcs:
                    func()

    第3.2步:找到所有的 伪中间件的执行

    复制代码
    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def preprocess_request(self):
    
            funcs = self.before_request_funcs.get(None, ())
            for func in funcs:
                rv = func()
                if rv is not None:
                    return rv
    复制代码

    第3.3步:

    复制代码
    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def dispatch_request(self):
            #获取请求的ctx对象中的request数据
            req = _request_ctx_stack.top.request
            #获取请求的url
            rule = req.url_rule
            #执行视图函数
            return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
    复制代码

    第3.4步:

    复制代码
    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def finalize_request(self, rv, from_error_handler=False):
            response = self.make_response(rv)   #通过make_response方法后就可以对返回值进行设置响应头等数据了
            try:
           #3.4.1 response
    = self.process_response(response) request_finished.send(self, response=response) #信号 - 请求结束后执行 return response
    复制代码

    第3.4.1步:

    复制代码
    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def process_response(self, response):
            ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
            #找到所有的 after_request 伪中间件执行
            funcs = ctx._after_request_functions
            for handler in funcs:
                response = handler(response)
            # 3.4.1.1 如果有session就执行self.save_session方法
            if not self.session_interface.is_null_session(ctx.session):
         # self.session_interface = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
           #3.4.1.2
            self.save_session(ctx.session, response)
    return response
    复制代码

    第3.4.1.1步: 到SecureCookieSessionInterface类中找is_null_session方法,发现没有,就去它基类SessionInterface中找

    class SessionInterface(object):
        def is_null_session(self, obj):
            #判断ctx.session 是不是 self.null_session_class = NullSession 类或者它派生类的对象
            return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)

    第3.4.1.2步:执行了SecureCookieSessionInterface类的save_session方法

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def save_session(self, session, response):
            return self.session_interface.save_session(self, session, response)
            # return SecureCookieSessionInterface().save_session(self, session, response)
    class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
        def save_session(self, app, session, response):
            #给响应设置cookie
            response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, val,
                                expires=expires, httponly=httponly,
                                domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)

    补充:自定义session

    from flask import Flask,request,session
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.secret_key = 'sdfsdfsd'
    from flask.sessions import SessionInterface,SessionMixin
    import uuid
    import json
    from flask.sessions import SessionInterface
    from flask.sessions import SessionMixin
    from itsdangerous import Signer, BadSignature, want_bytes
    
    class MySession(dict, SessionMixin):
        def __init__(self, initial=None, sid=None):
            self.sid = sid
            self.initial = initial
            super(MySession, self).__init__(initial or ())
    
        def __setitem__(self, key, value):
            super(MySession, self).__setitem__(key, value)
    
        def __getitem__(self, item):
            return super(MySession, self).__getitem__(item)
    
        def __delitem__(self, key):
            super(MySession, self).__delitem__(key)
    
    
    class MySessionInterface(SessionInterface):
        session_class = MySession
        container = {
            # 'asdfasdfasdfas':{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
            # 'asdfasdfasdfas':"{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}"
        }
    
        def __init__(self):
            pass
            # import redis
            # self.redis = redis.Redis()
    
        def _generate_sid(self):
            return str(uuid.uuid4())
    
        def _get_signer(self, app):
            if not app.secret_key:
                return None
            return Signer(app.secret_key, salt='flask-session',
                          key_derivation='hmac')
    
        def open_session(self, app, request):
            """
            程序刚启动时执行,需要返回一个session对象
            """
            sid = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
            if not sid:
                # 生成随机字符串,并将随机字符串添加到 session对象中
                sid = self._generate_sid()
                return self.session_class(sid=sid)
    
            signer = self._get_signer(app)
            try:
                sid_as_bytes = signer.unsign(sid)
                sid = sid_as_bytes.decode()
            except BadSignature:
                sid = self._generate_sid()
                return self.session_class(sid=sid)
    
            # session保存在redis中
            # val = self.redis.get(sid)
            # session保存在内存中
            val = self.container.get(sid)
    
            if val is not None:
                try:
                    data = json.loads(val)
                    return self.session_class(data, sid=sid)
                except:
                    return self.session_class(sid=sid)
            return self.session_class(sid=sid)
    
        def save_session(self, app, session, response):
            """
            程序结束前执行,可以保存session中所有的值
            如:
                保存到resit
                写入到用户cookie
            """
            domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
            path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
            httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
            secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
            expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
    
            val = json.dumps(dict(session))
    
            # session保存在redis中
            # self.redis.setex(name=session.sid, value=val, time=app.permanent_session_lifetime)
            # session保存在内存中
            self.container.setdefault(session.sid, val)
    
            session_id = self._get_signer(app).sign(want_bytes(session.sid))
    
            response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, session_id,
                                expires=expires, httponly=httponly,
                                domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)
    
    
    
    app.session_interface = MySessionInterface()
    # app.session_interface = Foo()
    # app.session_interface
    # app.make_null_session()
    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
        print('网站的所有session',MySessionInterface.container)
        print(session)
        session['k1'] = 'v1'
        session['k2'] = 'v2'
        del session['k1']
    
        # 在内存中操作字典....
        # session['k1'] = 'v1'
        # session['k2'] = 'v2'
        # del session['k1']
    
        return "xx"
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app.__call__
        app.run()
    自定义类似django的session

    第4步:

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def handle_exception(self, e):
            got_request_exception.send(self, exception=e)    #信号 - 请求执行出现异常时执行

    第5步: 执行了RequestContextpop 方法

    class RequestContext(object):
        def auto_pop(self, exc):
            else:
                self.pop(exc)
    复制代码
    class RequestContext(object):
        def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
         try:
              if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
             #5.1
                  self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
    finally:
           # 请求结束时 request上下文的栈中就把请求pop掉 rv
    = _request_ctx_stack.pop()
               if app_ctx is not None:
              #5.2
                  app_ctx.pop(exc)
    复制代码

    第5.1步: 执行  app.do_teardown_request方法

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def do_teardown_request(self, exc=_sentinel):
         # 信号 - 请求执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)
            request_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)

    第5.2步:

    复制代码
    class AppContext(object):
        def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
            try:
                if self._refcnt <= 0:
              #5.2.1

                    self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
         # 信号 - 请求上下文pop时执行
    appcontext_popped.send(self.app)
    复制代码

    第5.2.1步:

    class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
        def do_teardown_appcontext(self, exc=_sentinel):
            # 信号 - 请求上下文执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)
            appcontext_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)

     补充:

    多app应用

    from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
    from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
    from flask import Flask, current_app
    
    app1 = Flask('app01')
    
    app2 = Flask('app02')
    
    
    
    @app1.route('/index')
    def index():
        return "app01"
    
    
    @app2.route('/index2')
    def index2():
        return "app2"
    
    
    dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, {
        '/sec': app2,
    })
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app2.__call__
        run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)

     调用__call__方法的时候,如果有‘/’的话分割,mounts之前传过的url,如果在的话,就break,不在的话分割完拼接路径

        def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
            script = environ.get('PATH_INFO', '')
            path_info = ''
            while '/' in script:
                if script in self.mounts:
                    app = self.mounts[script]
                    break
                script, last_item = script.rsplit('/', 1)
                path_info = '/%s%s' % (last_item, path_info)
            else:
                app = self.mounts.get(script, self.app)
            original_script_name = environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '')
            environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = original_script_name + script
            environ['PATH_INFO'] = path_info
            return app(environ, start_response)
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gaoshengyue/p/8657550.html
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