时间复杂度:
O(log*n),近乎是O(1)级别的
UnionFind 接口:
public interface UF { int getSize(); boolean isConnected(int p, int q); void unionElements(int p, int q); }
第一种:
//quickFind public class UnionFind1 implements UF{ //id 这个数组中并没有存储数据的值,而是存储了数据所在的集合编号 private int[] id; public UnionFind1(int size) { id = new int[size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < id.length ; i ++) { id[i] = i; } } @Override public int getSize() { return id.length; } //查找元素p所对应的集合编号 private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= id.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } return id[p]; } //查看元素p和q是否属于同一个集合 @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return find(p) == find(q); } //将p和q所属的集合合并 @Override public void unionElements(int p, int q) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int pID = find(p); int qID = find(q); if(pID == qID) { return; } for(int i = 0 ; i < id.length ; i ++) { if(id[i] == pID) { id[i] = qID; } } } }
第二种:
//QuickUnion //一种孩子指向父亲节的树 public class UnionFind2 implements UF{ private int[] parent; public UnionFind2(int size) { parent = new int[size]; //初始的时候每一个节点都指向他自己,每一个节点都是一棵独立的树 for(int i = 0 ; i< size ; i ++) { parent[i] = i; } } @Override public int getSize() { return parent.length; } private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } while(p != parent[p]) { p = parent[p]; } return p; } @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { return find(p) == find(q); } @Override public void unionElements(int p, int q) { int pRoot = find(p); int qRoot = find(q); if(pRoot == qRoot) { return; }else { parent[pRoot] = qRoot; } } }
第三种:
package UnionFind; //使树的深度尽量保持较低水平 //节点总数小的那个树去指向节点总数大的那棵树 public class UnionFind3 implements UF { private int[] parent; // sz[i]表示以i为根的的集合中元素的个数 private int[] sz; public UnionFind3(int size) { parent = new int[size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) { parent[i] = i; sz[i] = 1; } } @Override public int getSize() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return parent.length; } private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } while(p != parent[p]) { p = parent[p]; } return p; } @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { return find(p) == find(q); } @Override public void unionElements(int p, int q) { int pRoot = find(p); int qRoot = find(q); if(pRoot == qRoot) { return; } if(sz[pRoot] < sz[qRoot]) { parent[pRoot] = qRoot; sz[qRoot] += sz[pRoot]; }else { parent[qRoot] = pRoot; sz[pRoot] += sz[qRoot]; } } }
第四种:
//基于rank的优化 //使深度小的那棵树指向深度大的那棵树 public class UnionFind4 implements UF { private int[] parent; // rank[i]表示以i为根的的集合所表示的树的层数 private int[] rank; public UnionFind4(int size) { parent = new int[size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) { parent[i] = i; rank[i] = 1; } } @Override public int getSize() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return parent.length; } private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } while(p != parent[p]) { p = parent[p]; } return p; } @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { return find(p) == find(q); } @Override public void unionElements(int p, int q) { int pRoot = find(p); int qRoot = find(q); if(pRoot == qRoot) { return; } if(rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot]) { parent[pRoot] = qRoot; }else if(rank[pRoot] > rank[qRoot]){ parent[qRoot] = pRoot; }else { parent[qRoot] = pRoot; rank[pRoot] += 1; } } }
第五种:
//路径压缩 public class UnionFind5 implements UF{ private int[] parent; // rank[i]表示以i为根的的集合所表示的树的层数 private int[] rank; public UnionFind5(int size) { parent = new int[size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) { parent[i] = i; rank[i] = 1; } } @Override public int getSize() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return parent.length; } //这里添加路径压缩的过程 private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } while(p != parent[p]) { parent[p] = parent[parent[p]]; p = parent[p]; } return p; } @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { return find(p) == find(q); } //这里的rank不再是每个节点精准的深度,只是做为一个参考,由于性能考虑所以不维护rank @Override public void unionElements(int p, int q) { int pRoot = find(p); int qRoot = find(q); if(pRoot == qRoot) { return; } if(rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot]) { parent[pRoot] = qRoot; }else if(rank[pRoot] > rank[qRoot]){ parent[qRoot] = pRoot; }else { parent[qRoot] = pRoot; rank[pRoot] += 1; } } }
第六种:
//find过程中让每个节点都指向根节点 //路径压缩 public class UnionFind6 implements UF{ private int[] parent; // rank[i]表示以i为根的的集合所表示的树的层数 private int[] rank; public UnionFind6(int size) { parent = new int[size]; for(int i = 0 ; i < parent.length ; i ++) { parent[i] = i; rank[i] = 1; } } @Override public int getSize() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return parent.length; } //这里添加路径压缩的过程 //递归调用 private int find(int p) { if(p < 0 || p >= parent.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("p is out of bound."); } if(p != parent[p]) { parent[p] = find(parent[p]); } return parent[p]; } @Override public boolean isConnected(int p, int q) { return find(p) == find(q); } //这里的rank不再是每个节点精准的深度,只是做为一个参考,由于性能考虑所以不维护rank @Override public void unionElements(int p, int q) { int pRoot = find(p); int qRoot = find(q); if(pRoot == qRoot) { return; } if(rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot]) { parent[pRoot] = qRoot; }else if(rank[pRoot] > rank[qRoot]){ parent[qRoot] = pRoot; }else { parent[qRoot] = pRoot; rank[pRoot] += 1; } } }