事实上，RMAN备份的时候，如果是使用control file 来作catalog，那么一定要把control file和spfile恢复到另外的机器上面。
否则，会出现类似如下的错误：
原来的实例：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 15:54:41 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1370687811)
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
Starting backup at 06-APR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=41 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T155529_9n223km6_.bkp tag=TAG20140406T155529 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-14
RMAN> quit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost ~]$
然后，如果我另外再安装一套oracle，会发生什么状况呢？
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 16:00:00 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1371965186, not open)
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
specification does not match any backup in the repository
RMAN> restore tablespace users from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T155529_9n223km6_.bkp';
Starting restore at 06-APR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 04/06/2014 16:00:38
RMAN-06509: only SPFILE or control file can be restored from AUTOBACKUP
RMAN>
一开始，我对上述的RMAN-06509非常不理解，后来参考了如下的网站，明白了错误所在。
http://www.doc88.com/p-900857827054.html
由于RMAN要依赖于catalog，当catalog是controle file的形式的时候，需要先把control file和spfile拿到新的数据库实例的对应的目录下，那样才可以继续进行restore/recover的活动。
***********************************************
接着我又进行了试验，看看把control file 挪过来回如何：
旧实例上：
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 06-APR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140406T213831_9n2p6rw4_.bkp tag=TAG20140406T213831 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-14
RMAN>
在旧实例上：
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 06-APR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-14
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140406T213831_9n2p6rw4_.bkp tag=TAG20140406T213831 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-14
RMAN>
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/
[oracle@localhost 2014_04_06]$ cp o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140406T213831_9n2p6rw4_.bkp /u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/
然后，启动新实例
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 814227456 bytes
Fixed Size 2257640 bytes
Variable Size 528485656 bytes
Database Buffers 281018368 bytes
Redo Buffers 2465792 bytes
SQL>
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 21:45:09 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN>
开始恢复control file，进而得到备份集的信息：
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140406T213831_9n2p6rw4_.bkp';
Starting restore at 06-APR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 06-APR-14
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of list command at 04/06/2014 21:46:06
ORA-01507: database not mounted
RMAN> quit
********************************************************
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL>
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 21:46:42 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1370687811, not open)
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 1.43M DISK 00:00:00 06-APR-14
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140406T155529
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T155529_9n223km6_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 988907 06-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
RMAN>
这些个信息里面记的都是旧实例所拥有的位置信息。
再试验看：
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 1.43M DISK 00:00:00 06-APR-14
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140406T155529
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T155529_9n223km6_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 988907 06-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
RMAN> restore tablespace users from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140406T155529_9n223km6_.bkp';
Starting restore at 06-APR-14
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 06-APR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 06-APR-14
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 06-APR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 06-APR-14
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_04_06/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140406T213831_9n2p6rw4_.bkp
File Name: /u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_04_06/o1_mf_1_3_9n22917q_.arc
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 04/06/2014 21:56:09
RMAN-06509: only SPFILE or control file can be restored from AUTOBACKUP
RMAN>
因为新旧实例不同，所以会出问题。