• JAVA使用SnakeYAML解析与序列化YAML


    1.概述

    本文,我们将学习如何使用SnakeYAML库将
    YAML文档转换为Java对象,以及JAVA对象如何序列化为YAML文档

    2.项目设置

    要在项目中使用SnakeYAML,需要添加Maven依赖项(可在此处找到最新版本):

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
        <artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
        <version>1.25</version>
    </dependency>
    

    3.入口点

    YAML类是API的入口点:

    Yaml yaml = new Yaml()
    

    由于实现不是线程安全的,因此不同的线程必须具有自己的Yaml实例。

    4.加载YAML文档

    SnakeYAML支持从StringInputStream加载文档,我们从定义一个简单的YAML文档开始,然后将文件命名为customer.yaml

    firstName: "John"
    lastName: "Doe"
    age: 20
    

    4.1。基本用法

    现在,我们将使用Yaml类来解析上述YAML文档:

    Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
    InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
      .getClassLoader()
      .getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");
    Map<String, Object> obj = yaml.load(inputStream);
    System.out.println(obj);
    

    上面的代码生成以下输出:

    {firstName=John, lastName=Doe, age=20}
    

    默认情况下,load()方法返回一个Map对象。查询Map对象时,我们需要事先知道属性键的名称,否则容易出错。更好的办法是自定义类型。

    4.2自定义类型解析

    SnakeYAML提供了一种将文档解析为自定义类型的方法

    让我们定义一个Customer类,然后尝试再次加载该文档:

    public class Customer {
     
        private String firstName;
        private String lastName;
        private int age;
     
        // getters and setters
    }
    

    现在我么来加载:

    Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
    InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
     .getClassLoader()
     .getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");
    Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);
    

    还有一种方法是使用Constructor:

    Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
    

    4.3。隐式类型

    如果没有为给定属性定义类型,则库会自动将值转换为隐式type

    例如:

    1.0 -> Float
    42 -> Integer
    2009-03-30 -> Date
    

    让我们使用一个TestCase来测试这种隐式类型转换:

    @Test
    public void whenLoadYAML_thenLoadCorrectImplicitTypes() {
       Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
       Map<Object, Object> document = yaml.load("3.0: 2018-07-22");
      
       assertNotNull(document);
       assertEquals(1, document.size());
       assertTrue(document.containsKey(3.0d));   
    }
    

    4.4 嵌套对象

    SnakeYAML 支持嵌套的复杂类型。

    让我们向“ customer.yaml”添加“ 联系方式”  和“ 地址” 详细信息并将新文件另存为customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml.

    现在,我们将分析新的YAML文档:

    firstName: "John"
    lastName: "Doe"
    age: 31
    contactDetails:
       - type: "mobile"
         number: 123456789
       - type: "landline"
         number: 456786868
    homeAddress:
       line: "Xyz, DEF Street"
       city: "City Y"
       state: "State Y"
       zip: 345657
    

    我们来更新java类:

    public class Customer {
        private String firstName;
        private String lastName;
        private int age;
        private List<Contact> contactDetails;
        private Address homeAddress;    
        // getters and setters
    }
    
    public class Contact {
        private String type;
        private int number;
        // getters and setters
    }
    
    public class Address {
        private String line;
        private String city;
        private String state;
        private Integer zip;
        // getters and setters
    }
    

    现在,我们来测试下Yamlload()

    @Test
    public void
      whenLoadYAMLDocumentWithTopLevelClass_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjectWithNestedObjects() {
      
        Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
        InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
          .getClassLoader()
          .getResourceAsStream("yaml/customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml");
        Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);
      
        assertNotNull(customer);
        assertEquals("John", customer.getFirstName());
        assertEquals("Doe", customer.getLastName());
        assertEquals(31, customer.getAge());
        assertNotNull(customer.getContactDetails());
        assertEquals(2, customer.getContactDetails().size());
         
        assertEquals("mobile", customer.getContactDetails()
          .get(0)
          .getType());
        assertEquals(123456789, customer.getContactDetails()
          .get(0)
          .getNumber());
        assertEquals("landline", customer.getContactDetails()
          .get(1)
          .getType());
        assertEquals(456786868, customer.getContactDetails()
          .get(1)
          .getNumber());
        assertNotNull(customer.getHomeAddress());
        assertEquals("Xyz, DEF Street", customer.getHomeAddress()
          .getLine());
    }
    

    4.5。类型安全的集合

    当给定Java类的一个或多个属性是泛型集合类时,需要通过TypeDescription来指定泛型类型,以以便可以正确解析。

    让我们假设一个 一个Customer拥有多个Contact

    firstName: "John"
    lastName: "Doe"
    age: 31
    contactDetails:
       - { type: "mobile", number: 123456789}
       - { type: "landline", number: 123456789}
    

    为了能正确解析,我们可以在顶级类上为给定属性指定TypeDescription 

    Constructor constructor = new Constructor(Customer.class);
    TypeDescription customTypeDescription = new TypeDescription(Customer.class);
    customTypeDescription.addPropertyParameters("contactDetails", Contact.class);
    constructor.addTypeDescription(customTypeDescription);
    Yaml yaml = new Yaml(constructor);
    

    4.6。载入多个文件

    在某些情况下,单个文件中可能有多个YAML文档,而我们想解析所有文档。所述YAML类提供了一个LOADALL()方法来完成这种类型的解析。

    假设下面的内容在一个文件中:

    ---
    firstName: "John"
    lastName: "Doe"
    age: 20
    ---
    firstName: "Jack"
    lastName: "Jones"
    age: 25
    

    我们可以使用loadAll()方法解析以上内容,如以下代码示例所示:

    @Test
    public void whenLoadMultipleYAMLDocuments_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjects() {
        Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
        InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()
          .getClassLoader()
          .getResourceAsStream("yaml/customers.yaml");
     
        int count = 0;
        for (Object object : yaml.loadAll(inputStream)) {
            count++;
            assertTrue(object instanceof Customer);
        }
        assertEquals(2,count);
    }
    

    5.生成YAML文件

    SnakeYAML 支持 将java对象序列化为yml。

    5.1。基本用法

    我们将从一个将Map <String,Object>的实例转储到YAML文档(String)的简单示例开始:

    @Test
    public void whenDumpMap_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() {
        Map<String, Object> data = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        data.put("name", "Silenthand Olleander");
        data.put("race", "Human");
        data.put("traits", new String[] { "ONE_HAND", "ONE_EYE" });
        Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        yaml.dump(data, writer);
        String expectedYaml = "name: Silenthand Olleander
    race: Human
    traits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]
    ";
     
        assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());
    }
    

    上面的代码产生以下输出(请注意,使用LinkedHashMap的实例将保留输出数据的顺序):

    name: Silenthand Olleander
    race: Human
    traits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]
    

    5.2。自定义Java对象

    我们还可以选择将自定义Java类型转储到输出流中

    @Test
    public void whenDumpACustomType_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() {
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setAge(45);
        customer.setFirstName("Greg");
        customer.setLastName("McDowell");
        Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        yaml.dump(customer, writer);        
        String expectedYaml = "!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer {age: 45, contactDetails: null, firstName: Greg,
      homeAddress: null, lastName: McDowell}
    ";
     
        assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());
    }
    

    生成内容会包含!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer,为了避免在输出文件中使用标签名,我们可以使用库提供的  dumpAs()方法。

    因此,在上面的代码中,我们可以进行以下调整以删除标记:

    yaml.dumpAs(customer, Tag.MAP, null);
    

    六 结语

    本文说明了SnakeYAML库解析和序列化YAML文档。

    所有示例都可以在GitHub项目中找到。

    附录


    作者:Jadepeng
    出处:jqpeng的技术记事本--http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoqi
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoqi/p/SnakeYAML.html
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