最简单的Activity中的内容大致是这样的:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main_activity); } }
setContentView
一般来说我们设置页面的内容视图是都是通过setContentView方法,那么我们就以2.3源码为例就来看看Activity中的setContentView到底做了什么吧。
1 /** 2 * Set the activity content from a layout resource. The resource will be 3 * inflated, adding all top-level views to the activity. 4 * 5 * @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated. 6 */ 7 public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { 8 getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID); 9 } 10 11 public Window getWindow() { 12 return mWindow; 13 } 14 15 16 private Window mWindow;
我们可以看到,实际上调用的mWindow的setContentView方法,在Android Touch事件分发过程这篇文章中我们已经指出Window的实现类为PhoneWindow类
1 @Override 2 public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { 3 if (mContentParent == null) { 4 installDecor(); // 1、生成DecorView 5 } else { 6 mContentParent.removeAllViews(); 7 } 8 mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);// 2、将layoutResId的布局添加到mContentParent中 9 final Callback cb = getCallback(); 10 if (cb != null) { 11 cb.onContentChanged(); 12 } 13 } 14 // 构建mDecor对象,并且初始化标题栏和Content Parent(我们要显示的内容区域) 15 private void installDecor() { 16 if (mDecor == null) { 17 mDecor = generateDecor(); // 3、构建DecorView 18 mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS); 19 mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true); 20 } 21 if (mContentParent == null) { 22 mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor); // 4、获取ContentView容器,即显示内容的区域 23 24 mTitleView = (TextView)findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title); 5、设置Title等 25 if (mTitleView != null) { 26 if ((getLocalFeatures() & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) != 0) { 27 View titleContainer = findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title_container); 28 if (titleContainer != null) { 29 titleContainer.setVisibility(View.GONE); 30 } else { 31 mTitleView.setVisibility(View.GONE); 32 } 33 if (mContentParent instanceof FrameLayout) { 34 ((FrameLayout)mContentParent).setForeground(null); 35 } 36 } else { 37 mTitleView.setText(mTitle); 38 } 39 } 40 } 41 } 42 43 protected DecorView generateDecor() { 44 return new DecorView(getContext(), -1); // 构建mDecor对象 45 }
我们可以看到,setContentView的基本流程简单概括就是如下几步:
1、构建mDecor对象。mDecor就是整个窗口的顶层视图,它主要包含了Title和Content View两个区域 (参考图1中的两个区域 ),Title区域就是我们的标题栏,Content View区域就是显示我们xml布局内容中的区域。关于mDecor对象更多说明也请参考Android Touch事件分发过程这篇文章;
2、设置一些关于窗口的属性,初始化标题栏区域和内容显示区域;
这里比较复杂的就是generateLayout(mDecor)这个函数,我们一起来分析一下吧。
1 // 返回用于显示我们设置的页面内容的ViewGroup容器 2 protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) { 3 // Apply data from current theme. 4 // 1、获取窗口的Style属性 5 TypedArray a = getWindowStyle(); 6 7 if (false) { 8 System.out.println("From style:"); 9 String s = "Attrs:"; 10 for (int i = 0; i < com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window.length; i++) { 11 s = s + " " + Integer.toHexString(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window[i]) + "=" 12 + a.getString(i); 13 } 14 System.out.println(s); 15 } 16 // 窗口是否是浮动的 17 mIsFloating = a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowIsFloating, false); 18 int flagsToUpdate = (FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR) 19 & (~getForcedWindowFlags()); 20 if (mIsFloating) { 21 setLayout(WRAP_CONTENT, WRAP_CONTENT); 22 setFlags(0, flagsToUpdate); 23 } else { 24 setFlags(FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR, flagsToUpdate); 25 } 26 // 设置是否不显示title区域 27 if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) { 28 requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 29 } 30 // 设置全屏的flag 31 if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowFullscreen, false)) { 32 setFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN, FLAG_FULLSCREEN&(~getForcedWindowFlags())); 33 } 34 35 if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowShowWallpaper, false)) { 36 setFlags(FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER, FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER&(~getForcedWindowFlags())); 37 } 38 39 WindowManager.LayoutParams params = getAttributes(); 40 // 设置输入法模式 41 if (!hasSoftInputMode()) { 42 params.softInputMode = a.getInt( 43 com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowSoftInputMode, 44 params.softInputMode); 45 } 46 47 if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimEnabled, 48 mIsFloating)) { 49 /* All dialogs should have the window dimmed */ 50 if ((getForcedWindowFlags()&WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND) == 0) { 51 params.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND; 52 } 53 params.dimAmount = a.getFloat( 54 android.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimAmount, 0.5f); 55 } 56 // 窗口动画 57 if (params.windowAnimations == 0) { 58 params.windowAnimations = a.getResourceId( 59 com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowAnimationStyle, 0); 60 } 61 62 // The rest are only done if this window is not embedded; otherwise, 63 // the values are inherited from our container. 64 if (getContainer() == null) { 65 if (mBackgroundDrawable == null) { 66 if (mBackgroundResource == 0) { 67 mBackgroundResource = a.getResourceId( 68 com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowBackground, 0); 69 } 70 if (mFrameResource == 0) { 71 mFrameResource = a.getResourceId(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowFrame, 0); 72 } 73 if (false) { 74 System.out.println("Background: " 75 + Integer.toHexString(mBackgroundResource) + " Frame: " 76 + Integer.toHexString(mFrameResource)); 77 } 78 } 79 mTextColor = a.getColor(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_textColor, 0xFF000000); 80 } 81 82 // Inflate the window decor. 83 // 2、根据一些属性来选择不同的顶层视图布局,例如设置了FEATURE_NO_TITLE的属性,那么就选择没有Title区域的那么布局; 84 // layoutResource布局就是整个Activity的布局,其中含有title区域和content区域,content区域就是用来显示我通过 85 // setContentView设置进来的内容区域,也就是我们要显示的视图。 86 87 int layoutResource; 88 int features = getLocalFeatures(); 89 // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features)); 90 if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) { 91 if (mIsFloating) { 92 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_title_icons; 93 } else { 94 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title_icons; 95 } 96 // System.out.println("Title Icons!"); 97 } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0) { 98 // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title). 99 // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows. 100 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_progress; 101 // System.out.println("Progress!"); 102 } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) { 103 // Special case for a window with a custom title. 104 // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout 105 if (mIsFloating) { 106 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_custom_title; 107 } else { 108 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_custom_title; 109 } 110 } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) { 111 // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title. 112 // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout 113 if (mIsFloating) { 114 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_title; 115 } else { 116 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title; 117 } 118 // System.out.println("Title!"); 119 } else { 120 // Embedded, so no decoration is needed. 121 layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_simple; 122 // System.out.println("Simple!"); 123 } 124 125 mDecor.startChanging(); 126 // 3、加载视图 127 View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null); 128 // 4、将layoutResource的内容添加到mDecor中 129 decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); 130 // 5、获取到我们的内容显示区域,这是一个ViewGroup类型的,其实是FrameLayout 131 ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT); 132 if (contentParent == null) { 133 throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view"); 134 } 135 136 if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) { 137 ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false); 138 if (progress != null) { 139 progress.setIndeterminate(true); 140 } 141 } 142 143 // 6、设置一些背景、title等属性 144 // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies 145 // to top-level windows. 146 if (getContainer() == null) { 147 Drawable drawable = mBackgroundDrawable; 148 if (mBackgroundResource != 0) { 149 drawable = getContext().getResources().getDrawable(mBackgroundResource); 150 } 151 mDecor.setWindowBackground(drawable); 152 drawable = null; 153 if (mFrameResource != 0) { 154 drawable = getContext().getResources().getDrawable(mFrameResource); 155 } 156 mDecor.setWindowFrame(drawable); 157 158 // System.out.println("Text=" + Integer.toHexString(mTextColor) + 159 // " Sel=" + Integer.toHexString(mTextSelectedColor) + 160 // " Title=" + Integer.toHexString(mTitleColor)); 161 162 if (mTitleColor == 0) { 163 mTitleColor = mTextColor; 164 } 165 166 if (mTitle != null) { 167 setTitle(mTitle); 168 } 169 setTitleColor(mTitleColor); 170 } 171 172 mDecor.finishChanging(); 173 174 return contentParent;
其实也就是这么几个步骤:
1、获取用户设置的一些属性与Flag;
2、根据一些属性选择不同的顶层视图布局,例如FEATURE_NO_TITLE则选择没有title的布局文件等;这里我们看一个与图1中符合的顶层布局吧,即layoutResource = c
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 3 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 4 android:orientation="vertical" 5 android:fitsSystemWindows="true"> 6 <!-- Popout bar for action modes --> 7 <ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub" 8 android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar" 9 android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar" 10 android:layout_width="match_parent" 11 android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> 12 <!-- title区域--> 13 <FrameLayout 14 android:layout_width="match_parent" 15 android:layout_height="?android:attr/windowTitleSize" 16 style="?android:attr/windowTitleBackgroundStyle"> 17 <TextView android:id="@android:id/title" 18 style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle" 19 android:background="@null" 20 android:fadingEdge="horizontal" 21 android:gravity="center_vertical" 22 android:layout_width="match_parent" 23 android:layout_height="match_parent" /> 24 </FrameLayout> 25 <!--内容显示区域, 例如main_activity.xml布局就会被放到这个ViewGroup下面 --> 26 <FrameLayout android:id="@android:id/content" 27 android:layout_width="match_parent" 28 android:layout_height="0dip" 29 android:layout_weight="1" 30 android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top" 31 android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" /> 32 </LinearLayout>
我们可以看到有两个区域,即title区域和content区域,generateLayout函数中的
// 5、获取到我们的内容显示区域,这是一个ViewGroup类型的,其实是FrameLayout ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
获取的就是xml中id为content的FrameLayout,这个content就是我们的内容显示区域。整个布局对应的效果如下 :
这两个区域就组成了mDecor视图,我们的main_activity.xml就是放在内容视图这个区域的。
3、加载顶层布局文件,转换为View,将其添加到mDecor中;
4、获取内容容器Content Parent,即用于显示我们的内容的区域;
5、设置一些背景图和title等。
在经过这几步,我们就得到了mContentParent,这就是用来装载我们的视图的ViewGroup。再回过头来看setContentView函数:
1 public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { 2 if (mContentParent == null) { 3 installDecor(); // 1、生成DecorView,并且根据窗口属性加载顶级视图布局、获取mContentParent、设置一些基本属性等 4 } else { 5 mContentParent.removeAllViews(); 6 } 7 mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);// 2、将layoutResId加载到mContentParent中,这里的layoutResId就是我们的main_activity.xml 8 final Callback cb = getCallback(); 9 if (cb != null) { 10 cb.onContentChanged(); 11 } 12 }
我们看看LayoutInflater的inflate函数吧 :
1 /** 2 * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws 3 * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. 4 * 5 * @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g., 6 * <code>R.layout.main_page</code>) 7 * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy. 8 * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied, 9 * this is the root View; otherwise it is the root of the inflated 10 * XML file. 11 */ 12 public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) { 13 return inflate(resource, root, root != null); 14 } 15 16 /** 17 * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws 18 * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. 19 * 20 * @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g., 21 * <code>R.layout.main_page</code>) 22 * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if 23 * <em>attachToRoot</em> is true), or else simply an object that 24 * provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned 25 * hierarchy (if <em>attachToRoot</em> is false.) 26 * @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to 27 * the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the 28 * correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML. 29 * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and 30 * attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of 31 * the inflated XML file. 32 */ 33 public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { 34 if (DEBUG) System.out.println("INFLATING from resource: " + resource); 35 XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource); 36 try { 37 return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot); 38 } finally { 39 parser.close(); 40 } 41 }
实际上就是将layoutResId这个布局的视图附加到mContentParent中。
DecorView
移步 : DecorView 。
ViewGroup
ViewGroup从语义上来说就是视图组,它也继承自View类,它其实就是视图的容器。我们看官方的定义 :
* A ViewGroup is a special view that can contain other views * (called children.) The view group is the base class for layouts and views * containers. This class also defines the * {@link android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams} class which serves as the base * class for layouts parameters.
我们通过ViewGroup来组织、管理子视图,例如我们常见的FrameLayout、LinearLayout、RelativeLayout、ListView等都是ViewGroup类型,总之只要能包含其他View或者ViewGroup的都是ViewGroup类型。使用ViewGroup来构建视图树。
View
View就是UI界面上的一个可见的组件,任何在UI上可见的都为View的子类。我们看官方定义 :
TextView、Button、ImageView、FrameLayout、LinearLayout、ListView等都是View的子类。
这样,ViewGroup类型的视图管理嵌套在里面的ViewGroup以及View控件组成了丰富多彩的用户界面。例如我们开篇的Hello World的视图结构是这样的 :
总结
整个窗口由Title区域和Content区域组成,Content区域就是我们要显示内容的区域,在这个区域中mContentParent是根ViewGroup,由mContentParent组织、管理其子视图,从而构建整个视图树。当Activity启动时,就将这些内容就会显示在手机上。