1.Cobbler安装
1.1设置下主机名 （我的IP是10.0.0.48）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname cobbler48
1.2 安装 启动
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-webtftp-server pykickstart httpd dhc xinetd debmirror
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl start httpd cobblerd [root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl enable httpd cobblerd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/sys徐娅 temd/system/httpd.service. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
安装的组件的作用：
- cobbler //程序包
- cobbler-web //web 界面包
- tftp-server //支持tftp服务
- pykickstart // 检查kickstart 语法错误
- httpd //apache
- dhcp //dhcp服务
- xinetd // 超级守护进程
1.3 配置Cobbler
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler check //检查 看需要修改那些地方 The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 6 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 7 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
在更改上卖弄的问题前，需要设置为可以动态设置
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/callow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings [root@ cobbler48 ~]# grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings allow_dynamic_settings: 1 [root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
1.3.1
解决第一个问题 配置server地址 (1: /etc/cobbler/settings中的'server'字段必须设置为本地主机以外的其他内容，否则启动功能将不起作用。这应该是一个可解析的主机名或引导服务器的IP，所有使用它的机器都可以访问它。) /
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=server--value=10.0.0.48
1.3.2
第二个问题 配置next_server地址（2:为了使PXE起作用，“next_server”字段inuld匹配PXE网络上启动服务器的IP）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=10.0.0.48
1.3.3
第三个问题 配置xinetd管理tftp （3:将/etc/xinetd.d/tftp中的“disable”改为“no”）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# sed -ri '/disable/cdisable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp [root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl enable xinetd [root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
1.3.4
第四个问题（4:在/var/lib/cobbler/loaders中缺少一些网络引导加载程序，您可以运行'cobbler get-loaders'来下载它们，或者，如果您只想处理x86/x86_64网络引导，您可以确保您已经安装了一个*最新*版本的syslinux包，可以完全忽略这个消息。如果您希望支持所有架构，那么这个目录中的文件应该包括pxelinux。0,菜单。c32 elilo。efi, yaboot。'cobbler get-loaders'命令是解决这些需求的最简单方法。）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler get-loaders // 可能会有点慢，千万不要断开 task started: 2020-03-03_181702_get_loaders task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Tue Mar 3 18:17:02 2020) downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi *** TASK COMPLETE ***
1.3.5
第五个问题 （5:启用并启动rsyncd。服务与systemctl）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl start rsyncd [root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
1.3.6
第六个问题（6：注释掉/etc/debmirr .conf上的“用户”，以获得适当的debian支持）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# sed -i 's#@dists="sid";##@dists="sid";#gp' /etc/debmirror.conf
1.3.7
第七个问题（7：注释掉/etc/debmirr .conf上的“拱门”以获得适当的debian支持）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# sed -i 's#@arches="i386";##@arches="i386";#g' /etc/debmirror.conf
1.3.8
第八个问题（8:新安装机器的示例模板使用的默认密码(default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings)仍然设置为“补鞋匠”，应该更改，请尝试:“openssl passwd -1 -salt‘random-phrase-here’‘your-password-here’”以生成新密码）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` '123456' $1$1a34d2f0$laBUxra8f0mUlyliQ0P/u0 [root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value='$1$1a34d2f0$laBUxra8f0mUlyliQ0P/u0'
1.3.9第九个问题（9:没有找到击剑工具，需要使用(可选的)电源管理功能。安装cman或栅栏代理来使用它们）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# yum -y install fence-agents
1.3 重启服务 检查所有的错误是否都解决了
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd [root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2020-03-03_185853_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 3 18:58:53 2020) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** [root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler check No configuration problems found. All systems go.
1.4 配置DHCP
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1 [root@ cobbler48 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
1.5 同步Cobbler配置
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2020-03-03_192104_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 3 19:21:04 2020) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** [root@ cobbler48 ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf //查看是否可以管理DHCP # ****************************************************************** # Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file # generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Tue Mar 311:21:05 2020) # Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, makeyour changes # in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be # overwritten. # ******************************************************************
1.6 创建一台新的虚拟机
文件 ——> 新建虚拟机 ——>下一步——>选择稍后安装操作系统——>下一步——>下一步——>选择路径 然后一直下一步
1.7 开启虚拟机以后，需要关掉光盘连接 （右键 断开连接） 重启 出现蓝色界面 成功
2 安装centos6.1
2.1 上传镜像 （也可以上传其它Centos6的版本）
2.2 创建目录 挂载 （挂载成功 可以到创建的目录下查看）
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# mkdir /centos6.1 [root@ cobbler48 ~]# mount -o loop CentOS-6.10-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /centos6.1
2.3 导入镜像 （这一步操作会有些慢 稍安勿躁）
[root@ cobbler48 centos6.1]# cobbler import --path=/centos6.1 --name=centos6.1 --arch=x86_64
--path 镜像路径
--name 给源起一个名字
--arch 指定安装源是 32位 64位 或者ia64
2.4 查看profile信息
[root@ cobbler48 centos6.1]# cobbler distro report --name=centos6.1-x86_64
Name : centos6.1-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos6.1-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel6
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
[root@ cobbler48 centos6.1]# cobbler profile report --name=centos6.1-x86_64
Name : centos6.1-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : centos6.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
2.5 编写kickstarts 文件
[root@ cobbler48 centos6.1]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@ cobbler48 kickstarts]# cp sample_end.ks centos6.1.ks
[root@ cobbler48 kickstarts]# echo >centos6.1.ks
[root@ cobbler48 kickstarts]# vim centos6.1.ks
# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone Asia/ShangHai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200
part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --asprimary
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
lftp
lrzsz
telnet
%end
%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end
%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/cUseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/cGSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end
2.6 更新 kickstarts文件 ，验证是否修改成功 ，同步cobbler配置 （每一次修改都要从新同步）
[root@ cobbler48 kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.1.ks
[root@ cobbler48 kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=centos6.1-x86_64 |grep Kickstart
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.1.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
[root@ cobbler48 kickstarts]# cobbler sync
2.7 虚拟机自动安装
3 自动安装Centos7系统 （如果本机是centos7 可以不用上传镜像）
3.1 创建镜像目录
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# mkdir centos7.3
3.2 挂载 常见报错 （找不到镜像） 从新设置一下就好了
[root@ cobbler48 ~]# mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /centos7.3mount: /dev/sr0: failed to setup loop device: No mediumfound //报错
