环境
CentOS 7 64位
MySQL 5.7 64位
1.卸载系统自带的 mariadb
[root@localhost /]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost /]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
2.下载RPM包
到MySQL官网下载rpm集合包到本地再上传至服务器或通过下面的方法直接在服务器下载
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
3.解压tar包
[root@localhost softwares]# ls
mysql-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost softwares]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
4.安装
依次执行（几个包有依赖关系，所以执行有先后）下面命令安装
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
5.数据库初始化
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
--initialize 选项默认以“安全”模式来初始化，则会为 root 用户生成一个密码并将该密码标记为过期（密码在/var/log/mysqld.log中），登陆后你需要设置一个新的密码，而使用 --initialize-insecure 命令则不使用安全模式，则不会为 root 用户生成一个密码。
[root@localhost softwares]# more /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-02-24T08:27:17.789803Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-02-24T08:27:18.923811Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-02-24T08:27:18.981104Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-02-24T08:27:19.116973Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 87296646-193c-11e8-adaf-000c29ee8fae.
2018-02-24T08:27:19.332937Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-02-24T08:27:19.333647Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: m)6_=8yl6(pA
最后一行给出了MySQL登录密码。
启动MySQL服务，登录MySQL
[root@localhost softwares]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost softwares]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
6.重置root用户密码
提示密码过期，需要重置
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
重置密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
或
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('new_password');
7.远程授权登录
root 用户名
% 所有人都可以访问
password 密码
# 给特定IP授权
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.1.100' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
# 给任意IP授权
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
刷新权限
flush privileges;
打开3306端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
重启防火墙
systemctl restart firewalld
8.配置utf8编码
修改/etc/my.cnf，在后面加上下面内容
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重启MySQL
systemctl restart mysqld
显示编码
show variables like '%character%';
常见错误
[root@VM_107_38_centos tools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
解决办法：
yum install libnuma*
错误：依赖检测失败：
perl(Getopt::Long) 被 mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 需要
perl(strict) 被 mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 需要
解决办法：
yum install perl
参考链接：
1.https://my.oschina.net/Laily/blog/713022
2.http://www.cnblogs.com/maobuji/p/8336702.html