• nginx将http请求转发到https(二)


    转载自:https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6187072.html

    网站添加了https证书后,当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误,所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.

    一、采用nginx的rewrite方法

    1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。
        例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。
        下面配置均可以实现:
     
    配置1:
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
       
        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
        error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
         
        rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //这是ngixn早前的写法,现在还可以使用。
      
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
     
    ================================================================
    上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;
    也可以改为下面
    rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
    或者
    rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
    ================================================================
     
    配置2:
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
       
        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
        error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
     
        return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法
      
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
     
    配置3:这种方式适用于多域名的时候,即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
       
        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
        error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
         
        if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {
        rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
        }
      
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
     
    配置4:下面是最简单的一种配置
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
       
        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
        error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
         
        if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {
           rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
        }
     
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
    

    二、采用nginx的497状态码 (非标准443端口的https情况下使用的强转配置方式)

    497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 
    解释:当网站只允许https访问时,当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码
      
    思路:
    利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上
     
    配置实例:
    如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
       
        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
        error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
         
        error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 
      
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
     
     
    也可以将80和443的配置放在一起:
    server { 
        listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口 
        listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用户习惯用http访问,加上80,后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 
        server_name  dev.wangshibo.com; 
        #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持 
        ssl                  on; 
        #指定PEM格式的证书文件  
        ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;  
        #指定PEM格式的私钥文件 
        ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key; 
           
        #让http请求重定向到https请求  
        error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 
     
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
    

    如果遇到非标准443端口的https情况下,则http到https的强转配置就需要使用上面这种497状态码的方式了。如下:

    server {
        listen 9443 ssl;
        server_name www.kevin.com;
        error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri;
         
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key;
    .........
     
    这样访问http://www.kevin.com:9443 就会自动跳转到https://www.kevin.com:9443。
    这种方式直接配置https端口就可以,不需要再配置http端口。
    

    三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https

    上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源,可以借鉴百度使用的方法:巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用,将http跳转到https
    可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html,内容就是http向https的跳转
     
    将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内
    [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html
    <html> 
    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/"> 
    </html>
     
    [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
       
        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
        error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
         
        #将404的页面重定向到https的首页 
        error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;  
      
        location ~ / {
        root /var/www/html/8080;         
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
    }
    

    这里分享一个nginx反代tomcat,并且http强制跳转至https的配置示例(这里访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的)

    [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        
        access_log  logs/access.log;
        error_log   logs/error.log;
      
        return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;     
         
        location ~ / {
        root /data/nginx/html;
        index index.html index.php index.htm;
        }
        }
     
     
    [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf
    upstream tomcat8 {
        server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
     
    server {
       listen 443;
       server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;
       ssl on;
     
       ### SSL log files ###
       access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
       error_log logs/ssl-error.log;
     
    ### SSL cert files ###
       ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;     
       ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;  
       ssl_session_timeout 5m;
     
       location / {
            proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;                                     
            proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
            proxy_redirect off;
        }
    }
    

    四、通过proxy_redirec方式

    解决办法:
    # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home
    proxy_redirect http:// https://;
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/flypig666/p/13749043.html
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