• D2010 RTTI + Attribute 简单实现ORM


    还记得David I 今年四月来盛大时,被问及“反射机制能再做得好一点吗?我们想放弃RTTI
    ”,David I 回答“这的确是需要考虑的地方,当然RTTI我们不会放弃的”。(这个白胡子的老哥哥还真很可爱,当年Borland几经起落,唯一能看得顺眼的就是David I)。 我还以为RTTI在D2010最多只是改良,炒冷饭而已。没想到,RTTI不仅能反射Public、protected、Private里的信息,还能动态执行该类里的方法,更惊奇的是,还支持Attribute。D2010 New RTTI 在某种程度上,比肩UniCode,在扩展框架上有无限的遐想空间。下面说一下 D2010 RTTI + Attribute 简单实现ORM。

          1、支持ORM,最基础的两个信息是表的信息和字段信息。这两个信息,如果用Attribute 来辅助,代码更简洁和可读性更好。可以把属性名当做真实字段名,也可以将特性里的属性当成真实姓名,再加上字段标题(可以当成注释)、必填字段、是否为主键显示格式等等,如果没有Attribute ,类、属性的辅助信息必须用其他信息来描述,非常麻烦。

    uses
    SysUtils, RTTI, TypInfo,Types;

    type
    Table = class(TCustomAttribute)
    private
        FName: string;
        FTitle: string;
    published

    public
        constructor Create(ATableName, ATitle: string);
        property Name: string read FName write FName;
        property Title: string read FTitle write FTitle;
    end;

    FieldInfo = class(TCustomAttribute)
    private
        FFieldName: string;
        FTitle: string;
    published
    public
        constructor Create(AFieldName, ATitle: string);
        //字段名
        property FieldName: string read FFieldName write FFieldName;
        //标题
        property Title: string read FTitle write FTitle;
    end;

    2、有了这两个Attribute,我们必须创建一个解析属性和Attribute的类,并且能解析Insert、update、delete、select等SQL语句。我们姑且叫 TStorable。这个类可以根据需要扩展你所想要的东西。目前只实现了Insert方法,其他的方法,留给勤奋的人去遐想。

    TStorable = class

    public
        //插入SQL语句
        function Insert: string;
        //获取字段标题
        function GetFieldTitle(const AFieldName: string): string;
        //设置
        //function SetAttributeValue(const PropName, AttributeValue: string): Boolean;
    end;

    function TStorable.GetFieldTitle(const AFieldName: string): string;
    var
    Context: TRttiContext;
    typ: TRttiType;
    A1, A2: TCustomAttribute;
    Prop: TRttiProperty;
    begin
    Context := TRttiContext.Create;
    try
        typ := Context.GetType(ClassType);
        for Prop in typ.GetProperties do
        begin
          for A2 in Prop.GetAttributes do
          begin
            if (A2 is FieldInfo) and SameText(FieldInfo(A2).FieldName, AFieldName) then
            begin
              Result := FieldInfo(A2).Title;
              Break;
            end;
          end;
        end;
    finally
        Context.Free;
    end;
    end;

    function TStorable.Insert: string;
    var
    Context:TRttiContext;
    Prop:TRttiProperty;
    typ:TRttiType;
    A1,A2:TCustomAttribute;
    Sqls,Fields,Values,Value:string;

    begin
    Context := TRttiContext.Create;
    try
        Sqls := '';
        Fields := '';
        Values := '';

        typ := Context.GetType(ClassType);
        for A1 in typ.GetAttributes do
        begin
          if A1 is Table then
          begin
            Sqls := 'Insert Into '+Table(A1).Name; //获取Insert表名
            for Prop in typ.GetProperties do
            begin
              for A2 in Prop.GetAttributes do
              begin
                if A2 is FieldInfo then    //AHa
                begin
                   Fields := Fields + ','+ FieldInfo(A2).FieldName ;
                   // the value of the attribute
                   Value := Prop.GetValue(Self).ToString;
                  //根据数据类型对属性值加以编辑
                  case Prop.GetValue(Self).Kind of
                    tkString, tkChar, tkWChar, tkWString, tkUString:
                      Value := QuotedStr(Value);
                    tkInteger, tkInt64, tkFloat:
                      Value := Value;
                  else
                     Value := QuotedStr(Value);
                  end;
                  Values := Values + ',' + Value ;
                end; //for A2 in Prop.GetAttributes
              end;
            end; //enf of for Prop
            Delete(Fields,1,1);
            Delete(Values,1,1);

            Sqls := Sqls + ' (' + Fields + ') VALUES (' + Values + ');';

            Result := Sqls;

          end; //if A1 is Table then
        end; //for A1 in typ.GetAttributes do

    finally
        Context.Free;
    end;
    end;

    constructor FieldInfo.Create(AFieldName, ATitle: string);
    begin
    FFieldName := AFieldName;
    FTitle := ATitle;
    end;

    3、有了上面的解析类和SQL基础,我们必须创建一个实体类属性名是否为中文,可以有不同的说法。偶目前栖身在一个医疗行业公司,医疗专业英语术语又臭又长,奥巴马未必能拼写出几个术语。如果用属性名用中文描述,将其真实的字段名放在Attribute 里,或许更能提高程序的可读性和维护性。

    unit uContact;

    interface
    uses SysUtils,uAttribute;

    type
    [Table('CONTACTS','联系人信息')]
    TContact = class(TStorable)
    private
        FName: string;
        FAge: integer;
        F电话: string;
    published
    public
        [FieldInfo('NAME','名称')]
        property Name: string read FName write FName;
        [FieldInfo('AGE','年龄')]
        property Age: integer read FAge write FAge;
        [FieldInfo('电话','联系电话')]
        property 电话:string read F电话 write F电话; //尝试一下中文字段名,习惯就好
    end;
    implementation


    end.

    4、调用示例就很简单了:

    procedure TForm4.btn1Click(Sender: TObject);
    var
    Contact:TContact;
    begin
    Contact := TContact.Create;
    Contact.Age := 32;
    Contact.Name := 'TinTin';
    Contact.电话 := '135*****918';//你还会记得918的屈辱吗?

    ShowMessage(Contact.Insert);

    ShowMessage(Contact.GetFieldTitle('Age'));
    Contact.Free;
    end;

    5、综述:

    ORM确实在对象映射上使用起来非常方便,但并非万能,如果过分依赖于ORM,不仅不能了解数据库表与业务的关系,而且还容易写出低效的SQL查询语句。Update语句,须谨记,字段值变化才去更改,否则,会增加数据库的数据不一致风险及其增加数据库日志开销。Delete语句,配合有关键字信息的Attribute,必要时候,还要校验是否影响单条或多条记录。

    这只是一个简单的例子,离真正的生产力还差一步,为了执行SQL语句,你可以在TStorable 实现数据集的读写,然后才调用执行SQL语句。

    http://blog.csdn.net/shuaihj/article/details/6125697

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/findumars/p/5345948.html
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