1 概念
Scala中的Actor能够实现并行编程的强大功能,它是基于事件模型的并发机制,Scala是运用消息(message)的发送、接收来实现多线程的。使用Scala能够更容易地实现多线程应用的开发。
2 传统java并发编程与scala actor编程的区别
对于Java,我们都知道它的多线程实现需要对共享资源(变量、对象等)使用synchronized 关键字进行代码块同步、对象锁互斥等等。而且,常常一大块的try…catch语句块中加上wait方法、notify方法、notifyAll方法是让人很头疼的。原因就在于Java中多数使用的是可变状态的对象资源,对这些资源进行共享来实现多线程编程的话,控制好资源竞争与防止对象状态被意外修改是非常重要的,而对象状态的不变性也是较难以保证的。 而在Scala中,我们可以通过复制不可变状态的资源(即对象,Scala中一切都是对象,连函数、方法也是)的一个副本,再基于Actor的消息发送、接收机制进行并行编程
3 actor方法执行顺序
1.首先调用start()方法启动Actor
2.调用start()方法后其act()方法会被执行
3.向Actor发送消息
发送消息的方式
! |
发送异步消息,没有返回值。 |
!? |
发送同步消息,等待返回值。 |
!! |
发送异步消息,返回值是 Future[Any]。 |
例子
添加依赖
<!--scala actor-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-actors</artifactId>
<version>2.10.5</version>
</dependency>
1
package main.scala.com import scala.actors.Actor /** * Created by Administrator on 2019/6/4. */ object MyActor1 extends Actor { //重写act方法 def act(): Unit = { for (i <- 1 to 10) { println("actor-1" + i) Thread.sleep(2000) } } } object MyActor2 extends Actor { //重写act方法 def act() { for (i <- 1 to 10) { println("actor-2 " + i) Thread.sleep(2000) } } } object ActorTest extends App{ //启动Actor MyActor1.start() MyActor2.start() }
运行结果
说明:上面分别调用了两个单例对象的start()方法,他们的act()方法会被执行,相同与在java中开启了两个线程,线程的run()方法会被执行
注意:这两个Actor是并行执行的,act()方法中的for循环执行完成后actor程序就退出了
可能遇见的问题
1 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: scala.actors.AbstractActor.$init$(Lscala/actors/AbstractActor;)V
解决办法
使用scala2.12.x的版本运行Actor,会报这种错误。
报错原因:scala版本不匹配,
解决方法:创建新工程,选择scala2.10.x的版本
2
解决方案:项目->open module setting->Modules->Dependencies 加上scala sdk的library
2
package main.scala.com import scala.actors.Actor /** * Created by Administrator on 2019/6/4. */ class MyActor extends Actor { override def act(): Unit = { while (true) { receive { case "start" => { println("starting ...") Thread.sleep(5000) println("started") } case "stop" => { println("stopping ...") Thread.sleep(5000) println("stopped ...") } } } } } object MyActor { def main(args: Array[String]) { val actor = new MyActor actor.start() actor ! "start" actor ! "stop" println("消息发送完成!") } }
说明:在act()方法中加入了while (true) 循环,就可以不停的接收消息
注意:发送start消息和stop的消息是异步的,但是Actor接收到消息执行的过程是同步的按顺序执行
3
(react方式会复用线程,比receive更高效)
package main.scala.com import scala.actors.Actor /** * Created by Administrator on 2019/6/4. */ class YourActor extends Actor { override def act(): Unit = { loop { react { case "start" => { println("starting ...") Thread.sleep(5000) println("started") } case "stop" => { println("stopping ...") Thread.sleep(8000) println("stopped ...") } } } } } object YourActor { def main(args: Array[String]) { val actor = new YourActor actor.start() actor ! "start" actor ! "stop" println("消息发送完成!") } }
说明: react 如果要反复执行消息处理,react外层要用loop,不能用while
4
package main.scala.com import scala.actors.Actor /** * Created by Administrator on 2019/6/4. */ class AppleActor extends Actor { def act(): Unit = { while (true) { receive { case "start" => println("starting ...") case SyncMsg(id, msg) => { println(id + ",sync " + msg) Thread.sleep(5000) sender ! ReplyMsg(3, "finished") } case AsyncMsg(id, msg) => { println(id + ",async " + msg) Thread.sleep(5000) } } } } } object AppleActor { def main(args: Array[String]) { val a = new AppleActor a.start() //异步消息 a ! AsyncMsg(1, "hello actor") println("异步消息发送完成") //同步消息 //val content = a.!?(1000, SyncMsg(2, "hello actor")) //println(content) val reply = a !! SyncMsg(2, "hello actor") println(reply.isSet) //println("123") val c = reply.apply() println(reply.isSet) println(c) } } case class SyncMsg(id: Int, msg: String) case class AsyncMsg(id: Int, msg: String) case class ReplyMsg(id: Int, msg: String)
5 用actor并发编程写一个单机版的WorldCount,将多个文件作为输入,计算完成后将多个任务汇总,得到最终的结果
package main.scala.com import java.io.File import scala.actors.{Actor, Future} import scala.collection.mutable import scala.io.Source /** * Created by Administrator on 2019/6/4. */ class Task extends Actor { override def act(): Unit = { loop { react { case SubmitTask(fileName) => { val contents = Source.fromFile(new File(fileName)).mkString val arr = contents.split(" ") val result = arr.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).groupBy(_._1).mapValues(_.length) //val result = arr.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).groupBy(_._1).mapValues(_.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2)) sender ! ResultTask(result) } case StopTask => { exit() } } } } } object WorkCount { def main(args: Array[String]) { val files = Array("c://words.txt", "c://words.log") val replaySet = new mutable.HashSet[Future[Any]] val resultList = new mutable.ListBuffer[ResultTask] for (f <- files) { val t = new Task val replay = t.start() !! SubmitTask(f) replaySet += replay } while (replaySet.size > 0) { val toCumpute = replaySet.filter(_.isSet) for (r <- toCumpute) { val result = r.apply() resultList += result.asInstanceOf[ResultTask] replaySet.remove(r) } Thread.sleep(100) } val finalResult = resultList.map(_.result).flatten.groupBy(_._1).mapValues(x => x.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2)) println(finalResult) } } case class SubmitTask(fileName: String) case object StopTask case class ResultTask(result: Map[String, Int])