• (转)对存储过程进行加密和解密(SQL 2008/SQL 2012)


    原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wghao/archive/2012/12/30/2837642.html

    开始:


     在网络上,看到有SQL Server 2000和SQL Server 2005 的存储过程加密和解密的方法,后来分析了其中的代码,发现它们的原理都是一样的。后来自己根据实际的应用环境,编写了两个存储过程,一个加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),和一个解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),它们可以应用于SQL Server中的储过程,函数,视图,以及触发器。

    感觉这两个存储过程蛮有意思的,拿来与大家分享;如果你看过类似的,就当作重温一下也好。

    用于加密的存储过程 (sp_EncryptObject) :


     存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)加密的方法是在存储过程,函数,视图的“As”位置前加上“with encryption”;如果是触发器,就在“for”位置前加“with encryption”。

    如果触发器是{ AFTER | INSTEAD OF} 需要修改下面代码"For"位置:

    if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';

    存储过程完成代码:

    复制代码
    Use master
    Go
    if object_ID('[sp_EncryptObject]') is not null
        Drop Procedure [sp_EncryptObject]
    Go
    create procedure sp_EncryptObject 
    (
        @Object sysname='All'
    )
    as
    /*
        当@Object=All的时候,对所有的函数,存储过程,视图和触发器进行加密
        调用方法:
        1. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'All'
        2. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'ObjectName'
    */
    begin
        set nocount on
        
        if @Object <>'All'
        begin
            if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))
            begin
                --SQL Server 2008
                raiserror 50001 N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'
    
                --SQL Server 2012
                --throw 50001, N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1  
    
                return
            end
            
            if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.definition is null)
            begin
                --SQL Server 2008
                raiserror 50001 N'对象已经加密!'
    
                --SQL Server 2012
                --throw 50001, N'对象已经加密!',1  
                return
            end
        end
        
        declare @sql nvarchar(max),@C1 nchar(1),@C2 nchar(1),@type nvarchar(50),@Replace nvarchar(50)
        set @C1=nchar(13)
        set @C2=nchar(10)
        
        
        declare cur_Object 
            cursor for 
                select object_name(a.object_id) As ObjectName,a.definition 
                    from sys.sql_modules a  
                        inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
                            and b.is_ms_shipped=0
                            and not exists(select 1 
                                                from sys.extended_properties x
                                                where x.major_id=b.object_id
                                                    and x.minor_id=0
                                                    and x.class=1
                                                    and x.name='microsoft_database_tools_support'
                                            )
                    where b.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF')
                        and (b.name=@Object or @Object='All')
                        and b.name <>'sp_EncryptObject'
                        and a.definition is not null                    
                    order by Case 
                                when b.type ='V' then 1 
                                when b.type ='TR' then 2
                                when b.type in('FN','IF','TF') then 3 
                                else 4 end,b.create_date,b.object_id
                    
        open cur_Object
        fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql
        while @@fetch_status=0
        begin
            
            Begin Try
                         
                if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';
                    
                if (patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2)
                end
                else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+@C1+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin 
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace+@C1)
                end
                else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin 
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace+@C2,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C2)
                end
                else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C1+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin 
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C1)
                end
                else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin 
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace)
                end
                else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin 
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@Replace,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace)
                end
                else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)
                begin 
                    set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace)
                end
                        
                set @type =
                    case 
                        when object_id(@Object,'P')>0 then 'Proc'
                        when object_id(@Object,'V')>0 then 'View'
                        when object_id(@Object,'TR')>0  then 'Trigger'
                        when object_id(@Object,'FN')>0 or object_id(@Object,'IF')>0 or object_id(@Object,'TF')>0 then 'Function'
                    end
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,'Create '+@type,'Alter '+@type)
                
                Begin Transaction
                exec(@sql)            
                print N'已完成加密对象('+@type+'):'+@Object            
                Commit Transaction
                
            End Try
            Begin Catch
                Declare @Error nvarchar(2047)
                Set @Error='Object: '+@Object+@C1+@C2+'Error: '+Error_message()
    
    
                Rollback Transaction          
                print @Error
                print @sql   
            End Catch
                        
            fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql
            
        end
        
        close cur_Object
        deallocate cur_Object        
    end
     
    Go
    exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_EncryptObject' --标识为系统对象
    go
    复制代码

    如果SQL Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。在SQL Server 2012,建议在使用throw来代替raiserror。

     

    解密方法:


     解密过程,最重要采用异或方法:

    [字符1]经过函数 fn_x(x)加密变成[加密后字符1],如果我们已知[加密后字符1],反过来查[字符1],可以这样:

    [字符1]  =  [字符2]  ^  fn_x([字符2])  ^  [加密后字符1]

    这里我列举一个简单的例子:

    复制代码
    --创建加密函数(fn_x)
    if object_id('fn_x') is not null drop function fn_x
    go
    create function fn_x
    (
        @x nchar(1)
    )returns nchar(1)
    as
    begin
    return(nchar((65535-unicode(@x))))
    end
    go
    declare @nchar_1_encrypt nchar(1),@nchar_2 nchar(1)
    
    
    --对字符'A'进行加密,存入变量@nchar_1_encrypt
    set @nchar_1_encrypt=dbo.fn_x(N'A') 
    
    
    --參考的字符@nchar_2
    set @nchar_2='x' 
    
    --算出@nchar_1_encrypt 加密前的字符
    select nchar(unicode(@nchar_2)^unicode(dbo.fn_x(@nchar_2))^unicode(@nchar_1_encrypt)) as [@nchar_1]
    
    /*
    @nchar_1
    --------------------
    A
    */
    复制代码

    [注]:  从SQL Server 2000至 SQL Server 2012 采用异或方法都可以解密

    用于解密的存储过程(sp_DecryptObject):


    复制代码
    Use master
    Go
    if object_ID('[sp_DecryptObject]') is not null
        Drop Procedure [sp_DecryptObject]
    Go
    create procedure sp_DecryptObject 
    (
        @Object sysname,    --要解密的对象名:函数,存储过程,视图或触发器
        @MaxLength int=4000 --评估内容的长度
    )
    as
    set nocount on
    /* 1. 解密 */
     
    if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))
    begin
        --SQL Server 2008
        raiserror 50001 N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。' 
    
        --SQL Server 2012
        --throw 50001, N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1   
        return
    end
     
    if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.definition is not null)
    begin
        --SQL Server 2008
        raiserror 50001 N'对象没有加密!' 
    
        --SQL Server 2012
        --throw 50001, N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1 
        return
    end
     
    declare  @sql nvarchar(max)                --解密出来的SQL语句
            ,@imageval nvarchar(max)        --加密字符串
            ,@tmpStr nvarchar(max)            --临时SQL语句
            ,@tmpStr_imageval nvarchar(max) --临时SQL语句(加密后)
            ,@type char(2)                    --对象类型('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF')
            ,@objectID int                    --对象ID
            ,@i int                            --While循环使用
            ,@Oject1 nvarchar(1000)
     
    set @objectID=object_id(@Object)
    set @type=(select a.type from sys.objects a where a.object_id=@objectID)
     
    declare @Space4000 nchar(4000)
    set @Space4000=replicate('-',4000)
     
    /*
    @tmpStr 会构造下面的SQL语句
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    alter trigger Tr_Name on Table_Name with encryption for update as return /**/
    alter proc Proc_Name with encryption  as select 1 as col /**/
    alter view View_Name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/
    alter function Fn_Name() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end/**/
    */
    set @Oject1=quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+quotename(@Object)
    set @tmpStr=
            case     
                when @type ='P ' then N'Alter Procedure '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
                when @type ='V ' then N'Alter View '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
                when @type ='FN' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end '
                when @type ='IF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns table with encryption as return(Select a.name from sys.types a) '
                when @type ='TF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns @t table(name nvarchar(50)) with encryption as begin return end '
                else 'Alter Trigger '+@Oject1+'on '+quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+(select Top(1) quotename(object_name(parent_id)) from sys.triggers a where a.object_id=@objectID)+' with encryption for update as return ' 
            end        
     
        
    set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'/*'+@Space4000
    set @i=0
    while @i < (ceiling(@MaxLength*1.0/4000)-1)
    begin
        set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+ @Space4000
        Set @i=@i+1
    end
    set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'*/'
     
    ------------
    set @imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)
     
    begin tran
    exec(@tmpStr)
    set @tmpStr_imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)
     
    rollback tran
     
    -------------
    set @tmpStr=stuff(@tmpStr,1,5,'create')
    set @sql=''
    set @i=1
    while @i<= (datalength(@imageval)/2)
    begin
        set @sql=@sql+isnull(nchar(unicode(substring(@tmpStr,@i,1)) ^ unicode(substring(@tmpStr_imageval,@i,1))^unicode(substring(@imageval,@i,1)) ),'')
        Set @i+=1
    end
     
    /* 2. 列印 */
     
     
    declare @patindex int    
    while @sql>''
    begin
        
        set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+char(10)+'%',@sql)
        if @patindex >0
        begin
            print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
            set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex+1,'')
        end    
        else 
        begin
            set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+'%',@sql)
            if @patindex >0
            begin
                print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
                set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')
            end
            else
            begin
                set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(10)+'%',@sql)
                if @patindex >0
                begin
                    print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
                    set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')
                end        
                else
                begin
                    print @sql
                    set @sql=''
                end    
            end        
        end
            
    end
     
    Go
    exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_DecryptObject' --标识为系统对象
    go
    复制代码

     如果SQL Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。方法类似于前面的加密过程:

     

    搭建测试环境:


    在一个测试环境中(DB: Test),先执行上面的加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)和解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject);再创建两个表:TableA & TableB

    复制代码
    use test
    go
    --创建表: TableA & TableB
    if object_id('myTableA') is not null drop table myTableA
    if object_id('myTableB') is not null drop table myTableB
    go
    create table myTableA (ID int identity,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableA primary key(ID))
    create table myTableB (ID int ,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableB primary key(ID))
    go
    复制代码

    接下来,我们要创建6个未加密的对象(对象类型包含 'P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'):

     1.视图(myView):

    View Code

    2.触发器(MyTrigger):

    复制代码
    if object_id('MyTrigger') is not null drop Trigger MyTrigger
    go
    create trigger MyTrigger 
    on TableA  
    for update  
    As
     insert into TableB(ID,data) select a.ID,a.Data From Inserted a
    go
    复制代码

    3.存储过程(MyProc):

    View Code

    4.用户定义表值函数(TF)(MyFunction_TF):

    View Code

    5.内联表值函数(IF) (MyFunction_IF):

    View Code

    6.标量函数(FN)(MyFunction_FN):

    View Code

     当执行完了上面的1-6步骤的脚本,我们通过查询系统视图sys.sql_modules,可以看到未加密前的定义信息:

    select b.name as object,b.type,a.definition
        from sys.sql_modules a 
            inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
            where b.create_date>=convert(date,getdate())
            order by b.object_id

    加密测试:


    下面我就通过调用加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),一次性对它们进行加密:

    use test
    go
    exec sp_EncryptObject 'all'
    go

    当我们再查回系统视图sys.sql_modules,会发现definition列返回的是null值,说明定义内容已经给加密:

     解密测试:


    解密过程,必须在DAC连接SQL Server,我们这里例子是从 SSMS(SQL Server Management Studio) 查询编辑器启动 DAC,如图:

    解密存储过程(sp_DecryptObject),只能一次对一个存储过程、函数、视图或触发器,进行解密:

    use test
    go
    exec sp_DecryptObject MyTrigger
    go

     

    当定义内容长度超过4000,我们可以指定@MaxLength的值,如:

    exec sp_DecryptObject fn_My,20000
    go

    这里(fn_My)是一个函数,定义内容超过了8000:

    ... ...

    小结:


    虽然,上面的脚本,我已经在SQL Server 2008 R2 和SQL Server 2012测试过,但无法避免一些未知错误 。如果你自己在测试上面的脚本,请不要在生产环境上。如果你在应用过程,碰到有什么问题或有什么意见和建议可以发email联系我或跟帖,在此非常感谢!




    SQL Server因系统资源不足,或其它异常导致无法建立数据库连接时, 可以使用系统预留的DAC连接到数据库,进行一些问题诊断和故障排除。DAC只能使用有限的资源。请勿使用DAC运行需要消耗大量资源的查询,否则可能发生严重的阻塞。可在联机帮助中搜索DAC。

    建议使用命令行下的sqlcmd连接进去,因为占用的资源更少,连接方法:开始 --> 运行 --> cmd 输入SQLCMD -E -SMQLinstance1 -A&(说明,-A即为指定DAC,其它参数见《联机帮助》)。

    使用SQL Server Management Studio建立DAC连接时,服务器一栏输入:admin:主机名实例名。

    浅析SQL Server数据库专用管理员连接DAC的使用

    如果连接报错: “不支持管理员连接”,英文为:"Cannot connect to admin:SQLSERVER2008R2."

    原因为:This is because you can't connect to the DAC in object explorer. You can however connect to it from a query window from management studio click <file> <New Database Engine Query>不能在“对象管理员”中使用DAC进行连接,可以在SQL Server Management Studio的菜单“文件 --> 新建 --> 数据库引擎查询”,再输入admin:主机名实例名。

    如果连接报错:A connection was successfully established with the server, but then an error occurred during the login process. (provider: TCP Provider, error: 0 - The specified network name is no longer available.) (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 64) 已成功与服务器建立连接,但是在登录过程中发生错误。

    原因为已经存在一个活动的DAC连接,不允许建立第二个DAC连接。 这条描述可以在ErrorLog中看到。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fcsh820/p/3333598.html
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