Python xml处理模块

xml 模块

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过互联网早期，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

xml协议在各个语言里的都是支持的

在python中可以用以下模块操作xml

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)
 
#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print(child.tag, child.attrib)
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag, i.text, i.attrib)

#输出

data
country {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
rank 2 {'updated': 'yes'}
year 2008 {}
gdppc 141100 {}
neighbor None {'name': 'Austria', 'direction': 'E'}
neighbor None {'name': 'Switzerland', 'direction': 'W'}


#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag,node.text)

#输出
data
year 2008
year 2011
year 2011

修改和删除xml文档内容

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
 
#修改
for node in root.iter('year'):
    new_year = int(node.text) + 1
    node.text = str(new_year)
    node.set("updated","yes")
 
tree.write("xmltest.xml")

#删除node
for country in root.findall('country'):
    rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
    if rank > 50:
        root.remove(country)
 
tree.write('output.xml')　　

自己创建xml文档

__author__ = "Evescn"

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element("personinfolist")
personinfo = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "personinfo", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"})
name = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "name")
name.text = "ROOT"
age = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(personinfo, "sex")
age.text = '56'
personinfo2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "personinfo", attrib={"enrolled": "no"})
name = ET.SubElement(personinfo2, "name")
name.text = "Evescn"
age = ET.SubElement(personinfo2, "age")
age.text = '19'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)  # 生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml)  # 打印生成的格式