• spring boot 动态注入bean


    方法一

    SpringContextUtil

    public class SpringContextUtil {
        private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
        //获取上下文
        public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
            return applicationContext;
        }
        //设置上下文
        public static void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
            SpringContextUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
        //通过名字获取上下文中的bean
        public static Object getBean(String name){
            return applicationContext.getBean(name);
        }
        //通过类型获取上下文中的bean
        public static Object getBean(Class<?> requiredType){
            return applicationContext.getBean(requiredType);
        }
    }
    

    启动类

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Application {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext app =  SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
            SpringContextUtil.setApplicationContext(app);
        }
    }
    

    测试bean

    @Component
    public class TestService {
        public String doService(String contxt){
            System.err.printf(contxt+"hello service");
            return  "hello service";
        }
    

    }

    //无注入

    public class TestController implements InitializingBean {
    
        @Autowired
        private TestService testService;
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("我是动态注册的你,不是容器启动的时候注册的你");
        }
    
        public String toAction(String content){
            return "-->" +  testService.doService(content);
        }
    }
    

    测试

    @RestController
    public class CallCSBController {
    
        @GetMapping("/bean")
        public String registerBean() {
            //将applicationContext转换为ConfigurableApplicationContext
            ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext = (ConfigurableApplicationContext) SpringContextUtil.getApplicationContext();
    
            // 获取bean工厂并转换为DefaultListableBeanFactory
            DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) configurableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory();
    
            // 通过BeanDefinitionBuilder创建bean定义
            BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(TestController.class);
    
            // 设置属性userService,此属性引用已经定义的bean:userService,这里userService已经被spring容器管理了.
    //        beanDefinitionBuilder.addPropertyReference("testService", "testService");
    
            // 注册bean
            defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("testController", beanDefinitionBuilder.getRawBeanDefinition());
    
    
            TestController userController = (TestController) SpringContextUtil.getBean("testController");
    
            return userController.toAction("动态注册生成调用");
    
            //删除bean.
            //defaultListableBeanFactory.removeBeanDefinition("testService");
        }
    }
    

    以上参考
    链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/41c716e7c31b

    方法二(略有不同)

    工具类

    package com.theeternity.beans.applicationContextRegister;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @program: apiboot
     * @description: 获取ApplicationContext, 实现动态注入bean
     * @author: TheEternity Zhang
     * @create: 2019-06-22 12:15
     */
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class ApplicationContextRegister implements ApplicationContextAware {
        private static ApplicationContext APPLICATION_CONTEXT;
        /**
         * 设置spring上下文
         * @param applicationContext spring上下文
         * @throws BeansException
         * */
        @Override  public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
            log.debug("ApplicationContext registed-->{}", applicationContext);
            APPLICATION_CONTEXT = applicationContext;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取容器
         * @return
         */
        public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
            return APPLICATION_CONTEXT;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取容器对象
         * @param type
         * @param <T>
         * @return
         */
        public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> type) {
            return APPLICATION_CONTEXT.getBean(type);
        }
    
        public static <T> T getBean(String name,Class<T> clazz){
            return APPLICATION_CONTEXT.getBean(name, clazz);
        }
    
        public static Object getBean(String name){
            return APPLICATION_CONTEXT.getBean(name);
        }
    }
    
    

    测试bean

    @Component
    public class TestService {
        public String doService(String contxt){
            System.err.printf(contxt+"hello service");
            return  "hello service";
        }
    }
    
    //无注入
    public class TestController implements InitializingBean {
    
        @Autowired
        private TestService testService;
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("我是动态注册的你,不是容器启动的时候注册的你");
        }
    
        public String toAction(String content){
            return "-->" +  testService.doService(content);
        }
    }
    

    测试

    @RestController
    public class CallCSBController {
    
        @GetMapping("/bean")
        public String registerBean() {
            //将applicationContext转换为ConfigurableApplicationContext
            ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext = (ConfigurableApplicationContext) ApplicationContextRegister.getApplicationContext();
    
            // 获取bean工厂并转换为DefaultListableBeanFactory
            DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) configurableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory();
    
            // 通过BeanDefinitionBuilder创建bean定义
            BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(TestController.class);
    
            // 设置属性userService,此属性引用已经定义的bean:userService,这里userService已经被spring容器管理了.
    //        beanDefinitionBuilder.addPropertyReference("testService", "testService");
    
            // 注册bean
            defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("testController", beanDefinitionBuilder.getRawBeanDefinition());
    
    
            TestController userController = (TestController) ApplicationContextRegister.getBean("testController");
    
            return userController.toAction("动态注册生成调用");
    
            //删除bean.
            //defaultListableBeanFactory.removeBeanDefinition("testService");
        }
        第一种方法的另外一种形式
        /**
        //获取ApplicationContext
        ApplicationContext ctx=ApplicationContextRegister.getApplicationContext();
        //获取BeanFactory  
        DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) ctx.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();       
        //创建bean信息.  
        BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(TestService.class);  
        beanDefinitionBuilder.addPropertyValue("name","张三");          
        //动态注册bean.  
        defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("testService", beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());  
        //获取动态注册的bean.  
        TestService testService =ctx.getBean(TestService.class);、testService.print();  
        */
        
        @GetMapping("/bean2")
        public String registerBean2() {
    
            TestController userController = (TestController) ApplicationContextRegister.getBean(TestController.class);
    
            return userController.toAction("动态注册生成调用");
    
        }
    }
    

    以上参考:

    主力:https://www.jianshu.com/p/41c716e7c31b
    辅助:https://www.jb51.net/article/140157.htm

    拓展理解

    我们通过getBean来获得对象,但这些对象都是事先定义好的,我们有时候要在程序中动态的加入对象.因为如果采用配置文件或者注解,我们要加入对象的话,还要重启服务,如果我们想要避免这一情况就得采用动态处理bean,包括:动态注入,动态删除。

    本节大纲 :

    (1)动态注入bean思路;
    (2)动态注入实现代码;
    (3)多次注入同一个bean的情况;
    (4)动态删除;
    

    接下来我们看下具体的内容:

    (1)动态注入bean思路;

    ​ 在具体进行代码实现的时候,我们要知道,Spring管理bean的对象是BeanFactory,具体的是DefaultListableBeanFactory,在这个类当中有一个注入bean的方法:registerBeanDefinition,在调用registerBeanDefinition方法时,需要BeanDefinition参数,那么这个参数怎么获取呢?Spring提供了BeanDefinitionBuilder可以构建一个BeanDefinition,那么我们的问题就是如何获取BeanFactory了,这个就很简单了,只要获取到ApplicationContext对象即可获取到BeanFacory了。

    (2)动态注入实现代码;

    综上所述,如果我们要编写一个简单里的例子的话,那么分以个几个步骤进行编码即可进行动态注入了:

    <1>. 获取ApplicationContext;
    <2>. 通过ApplicationContext获取到BeanFacotory;
    <3>. 通过BeanDefinitionBuilder构建BeanDefiniton;
    <4>. 调用beanFactory的registerBeanDefinition注入beanDefinition;
    <5>. 使用ApplicationContext.getBean获取bean进行测试;
    

    ​很明显我们需要先定义个类进行测试,比如TestService代码如下:

     package com.kfit.demo.service;  
     public class TestService {  
         private String name;  
         public String getName() {  
            return name;  
         }  
         public void setName(String name) {  
            this.name = name;  
         }  
         public void print(){  
            System.out.println("动态载入bean,name="+name);  
         }  
     }  
    注意:这里没有使用@Service和配置文件进行注入TestService。
    

    那么下面我们的目标就是动态注入TestService了,根据以上的分析,我们进行编码,具体代码如下:

    
    //获取context.  -- Angel -守护天使  
    ApplicationContext ctx =  (ApplicationContext) SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);  
    //获取BeanFactory  
    DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) ctx.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();       
    //创建bean信息.  
    BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(TestService.class);  
    beanDefinitionBuilder.addPropertyValue("name","张三");          
    //动态注册bean.  
    defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("testService", beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());  
    //获取动态注册的bean.  
    TestService testService =ctx.getBean(TestService.class);
    testService.print();  
    

    执行代码我们会在控制台看到如下打印信息:

    动态载入bean,name=张三
    

    ​ 到这里,就证明我们的代码很成功了。

    (3)多次注入同一个bean的情况;

    ​ 多次注入同一个bean的,如果beanName不一样的话,那么会产生两个Bean;如果beanName一样的话,后面注入的会覆盖前面的。

    第一种情况:beanName一样的代码:
    beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(TestService.class);  
    defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("testService", beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());  
    TestService testService =ctx.getBean(TestService.class);
    testService.print();  
    

    运行看控制台: 动态载入bean,name=李四

    第二种情况:beanName不一样的代码:
    beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(TestService.class);  
    defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("testService1", beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());  
    TestService testService =ctx.getBean(TestService.class);
    testService.print();  
    

    此时如果没有更改别的代码直接运行的话,是会报如下错误的:

    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.kfit.demo.service.TestService] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: testService1,testService 
    

    ​ 大体意思就是在getBean的时候,找到了两个bean,这时候就不知道要获取哪个了,所以在获取的时候,我们就要指定我们是要获取的testService还是testService1,只需要修改一句代码:

    将代码:

    TestService testService =ctx.getBean(TestService.class);
    

    修改为:

    TestService testService =ctx.getBean("testService");
    

    (4)动态删除;

    ​ 相对于动态注入,动态删除就很简单了,直接奉上代码:

     //删除bean.  
     defaultListableBeanFactory.removeBeanDefinition("testService"); 
    

    拓展参考:

    https://412887952-qq-com.iteye.com/blog/2348445

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/eternityz/p/12241143.html
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