• Java第五次作业


    Java第五次作业

    (一)学习总结

    1.在上周完成的思维导图基础上,补充本周的学习内容,对Java面向对象编程的知识点做一个全面的总结。

    2.汽车租赁公司,出租汽车种类有客车、货车和皮卡三种,每辆汽车除了具有编号、名称、租金三个基本属性之外,客车有载客量,货车有载货量,皮卡则同时具有载客量和载货量。用面向对象编程思想分析上述问题,将其表示成合适的类、抽象类或接口,说明设计思路并画出类图。
    (1)定义一个抽象类:有编号、名称、租金三个属性。
    (2)定义两个接口:载客量接口和载货量接口。
    (3)三个类:客车类、货车类、皮卡类。客车类继承抽象类和载客量接口;货车类继承抽象类和载货量接口;皮卡车类继承抽象类、载客量接口和在货量的接口。

    3.阅读下面程序,分析代码是否能编译通过,如果不能,说明原因,并进行改正。如果能,列出运行结果

    `interface Animal{    
            void breathe();
            void run();
            void eat();
        }
        class Dog implements Animal{
            public void breathe(){
                System.out.println("I'm breathing");
            }
            void eat(){
                System.out.println("I'm eating");
            }
        }
        public class Test{
            public static void main(String[] args){
                Dog dog = new Dog();
                dog.breathe();
                dog.eat();
            }
        }
    

    不能编译通过,因为Dog继承了Animal的接口,Animal接口中有三个方法,Dog继承它,要对这三个方法都进行覆写;Dog中的eat()方法不能降低原来的权限。
    改:

    interface Animal{    
            void breathe();
            void run();
            void eat();
        }
        class Dog implements Animal{
            public void breathe(){
                System.out.println("I'm breathing");
            }
            public void eat(){
                System.out.println("I'm eating");
            }
            public void run(){
                System.out.println("I'm running");
            }
        }
        public class Test{
            public static void main(String[] args){
                Dog dog = new Dog();
                dog.breathe();
                dog.eat();
            }
        }
    

    4.运行下面的程序

     import java.util.Arrays;
        public class Test{
            public static void main(String[] args){
                String[] fruits = {"peach","banana","orange","apple"};
                Arrays.sort(fruits);
                for(int i = 0;i < fruits.length;i++)
                {
                    System.out.println(fruits[i]);
                }
            }
        }
    

    程序输出的结果是升序排序的:

    查看String 类的源码,说明是如何实现的:

    public final class String
        implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
        /** The value is used for character storage. */
        private final char value[];
    
        /** Cache the hash code for the string */
        private int hash; // Default to 0
    
        /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;
    
        /**
         * Class String is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
         *
         * A String instance is written into an ObjectOutputStream according to
         * <a href="{@docRoot}/../platform/serialization/spec/output.html">
         * Object Serialization Specification, Section 6.2, "Stream Elements"</a>
         */
        private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
            new ObjectStreamField[0];
    
        /**
         * Initializes a newly created {@code String} object so that it represents
         * an empty character sequence.  Note that use of this constructor is
         * unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
         */
        public String() {
            this.value = new char[0];
        }
    
        /**
         * Initializes a newly created {@code String} object so that it represents
         * the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the
         * newly created string is a copy of the argument string. Unless an
         * explicit copy of {@code original} is needed, use of this constructor is
         * unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
         *
         * @param  original
         *         A {@code String}
         */
        public String(String original) {
            this.value = original.value;
            this.hash = original.hash;
        }
    
        /**
         * Allocates a new {@code String} so that it represents the sequence of
         * characters currently contained in the character array argument. The
         * contents of the character array are copied; subsequent modification of
         * the character array does not affect the newly created string.
         *
         * @param  value
         *         The initial value of the string
         */
        public String(char value[]) {
            this.value = Arrays.copyOf(value, value.length);
        }
    
        /**
         * Allocates a new {@code String} that contains characters from a subarray
         * of the character array argument. The {@code offset} argument is the
         * index of the first character of the subarray and the {@code count}
         * argument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the
         * subarray are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does
         * not affect the newly created string.
         *
         * @param  value
         *         Array that is the source of characters
         *
         * @param  offset
         *         The initial offset
         *
         * @param  count
         *         The length
         *
         * @throws  IndexOutOfBoundsException
         *          If the {@code offset} and {@code count} arguments index
         *          characters outside the bounds of the {@code value} array
         */
        public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
            if (offset < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
            }
            if (count < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
            }
            // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
            if (offset > value.length - count) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
            }
            this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
        }
    
        /**
         * Allocates a new {@code String} that contains characters from a subarray
         * of the <a href="Character.html#unicode">Unicode code point</a> array
         * argument.  The {@code offset} argument is the index of the first code
         * point of the subarray and the {@code count} argument specifies the
         * length of the subarray.  The contents of the subarray are converted to
         * {@code char}s; subsequent modification of the {@code int} array does not
         * affect the newly created string.
         *
         * @param  codePoints
         *         Array that is the source of Unicode code points
         *
         * @param  offset
         *         The initial offset
         *
         * @param  count
         *         The length
         *
         * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
         *          If any invalid Unicode code point is found in {@code
         *          codePoints}
         *
         * @throws  IndexOutOfBoundsException
         *          If the {@code offset} and {@code count} arguments index
         *          characters outside the bounds of the {@code codePoints} array
         *
         * @since  1.5
         */
        public String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count) {
            if (offset < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
            }
            if (count < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
            }
            // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
            if (offset > codePoints.length - count) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
            }
    
            final int end = offset + count;
    
            // Pass 1: Compute precise size of char[]
            int n = count;
            for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
                int c = codePoints[i];
                if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(c))
                    continue;
                else if (Character.isValidCodePoint(c))
                    n++;
                else throw new IllegalArgumentException(Integer.toString(c));
            }
    
            // Pass 2: Allocate and fill in char[]
            final char[] v = new char[n];
    
            for (int i = offset, j = 0; i < end; i++, j++) {
                int c = codePoints[i];
                if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(c))
                    v[j] = (char)c;
                else
                    Character.toSurrogates(c, v, j++);
            }
    
            this.value = v;
        }
    
    

    如果现在希望对输出的结果进行降序排序,该如何处理?修改上述代码,实现按照字母顺序逆序排序。

     import java.util.Arrays;
        public class Test{
            public static void main(String[] args){
                String[] fruits = {"peach","banana","orange","apple"};
                Arrays.sort(fruits);
                for(int i = fruits.length-1;i>=0;i++)
                {
                    System.out.println(fruits[i]);
                }
            }
        }
    


    5其他总结:
    实验中使用工厂的设计方法,工厂设计方法灵活性比较高子类扩充可以直接修改工厂类。
    Data类的应用。

    (二)实验总结

    实验内容:
    1.某工厂生产各种音乐盒,客户无需知道音乐盒的制作过程,只需知道如何播放音乐盒即可。用简单工厂设计模式实现该过程:接口MusicBox具有方法play(),两个音乐盒类PianoBox,ViolinBox,MusicBoxFactory 产生MusicBox的实例。

    • 程序设计思路:程序中有一个MusicBox的接口,PianoBox,ViolinBox中实现接口,重写MusicBox的play()方法;在MusicBoxFactory的类中实现对象实例和子类的扩充。
    • 使用工厂的设计方法灵活性比较高,如果有子类扩充的话,直接修改工厂类就可以了;灵活性比较高。
      2.修改第三次作业的第一题,使用java.util.Date类表示职工的生日和参加工作时间,并将职工信息按照生日大小排序后输出。(分别用comparable和comparator实现)
      程序设计思路:在员工类中定义生日和参加工作时间直接使用java.until.Data类中的构造方法就可以了。定义一个员工类,里面有员工的属性,使用头String的方法里面使用匿名对象输出生日和参加工作时间,在测试类中赋值是给一个实例化模板;使用comparator的比较方法是需要一个comparaTo()方法。接收两个对象比较,通过返回值判断大小。使用comparable比较,需要使员工类实现Comparable接口。
    • 问题1: 先把字符串类的生日信息转化成Data类的生日输出,在比较排序时,还需要在转化回来。
    • 解决方案:直接在toString方法中直接使用匿名对象输出,在测试类中赋值是给一个实例化模板。


      3.在案例宠物商店的基础上,实现以下功能:
      (1)展示所有宠物
      (2)购买宠物
    • 程序设计思路:定义一个Pet类的接口,里面有编号、颜色、种类等属性,Cat()、Dog()类继承Pet()接口,但是Dog还有一个大小型的属性,需要在Dog类里面添加一个类型的属性。还需要一个宠物商店的工厂,在里面对宠物对象实例。在工厂里需要判断是否满足宠物信息,如果满足存入数组。在测试类中定义数组长度,如果超过长度添加不进去。
    • 问题2:输出的信息在测试类里写的输出方法,但是宠物猫和宠物狗的属性不一样,输出的信息不全
    • 解决方案:可以在宠物猫和宠物狗中分别写头toString()方法,在测试类中调用。
    • 问题3:输出宠物的时候,宠物的数组是空
    • 解决方案:在满足在条件后没有存进新的数组里。

    代码托管(https://git.oschina.net/hebau_cs15/Java-CS01yxr.git)

    (四)学习进度条

    代码行数(新增/累积) 学习时间(新增/累积) 本周学习内容
    目标 5000行 300小时
    第2-4周 150/300 30/30 学习了....
    第5周 220/300 30/50 学习了关于double类型存在精度问题,取指定位置和截取字符串;数组的应用
    第6周 550/600 60/80
    第8周 700/800 60/80 面向对象的继承和多态
    第9周 800/800 80/100 工厂设计和Java常用的类
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    面向对象进阶小结
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/errui/p/6747126.html
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