Click是一个Python用来快速实现命令行应用程序的包,主要优势表现在以下三点:
- 任意嵌套命令
- 自动生成帮助页
- 自动运行时lazy加载子命令
示例程序:
import click
@click.command()
@click.option('--count', default=1, help='Number of greetings.')
@click.option('--name', prompt='Your name', help='The person to greet.')
def hello(count, name):
"""Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
for x in range(count):
click.echo('Hello %s!' % name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
hello()
执行结果:
$ python hello.py --count=3
Your name: John
Hello John!
Hello John!
Hello John!
它还会自动生成格式化好的帮助信息:
$ python hello.py --help
Usage: hello.py [OPTIONS]
Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times.
Options:
--count INTEGER Number of greetings.
--name TEXT The person to greet.
--help Show this message and exit.
快速入门
安装
pip install Click
创建一个命令
通过装时器函数click.command()来注册命令
import click
@click.command()
def hello():
click.echo("Hello World!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
hello()
输出结果:
$ python hello.py
Hello World!
相应的帮助页:
$ python hello.py --help
Usage: hello.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--help Show this message and exit.
输出
为什么不用print,还要加入一个echo呢。Click尝试用一个兼容Python 2和Python 3相同方式来处理。也防止了一些终端编码不一致出现UnicodeError异常。
Click 2.0还加入了ANSI colors支持,如果输出结果到文件中还会自动去处ANSI codes。
要使用ANSI colors我们需要colorama包配合操作:
pipenv install colorama
示例:
click.echo(click.style("Hello World!", fg='green')) # click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
嵌套命令
import click
@click.group()
def cli():
pass
@cli.command()
def initdb():
click.echo('Initialized the database')
@cli.command()
def dropdb():
click.echo('Dropped the database')
if __name__ == '__main__':
cli()
添加参数
使用option()和argument()装饰器增加参数
@click.command()
@click.option('--count', default=1, help='number of greetings')
@click.argument('name')
def hello(count, name):
for x in range(count):
click.echo('Hello %s!' % name)
What it looks like:
$ python hello.py --help
Usage: hello.py [OPTIONS] NAME
Options:
--count INTEGER number of greetings
--help Show this message and exit.