• java 多线程--- Thread Runnable Executors


    java 实现多线程的整理:

    1.   Thread实现多线程的两种方式:

        (1)继承 Thread类,同时重载 run 方法:

    class PrimeThread extends Thread {
        long minPrime;
        primeThread(long minPrime) {
            this.minPrime = minPrime;
        }
        
        public void run() {
             // compute primes larger than minPrime
               
        }
    }

    PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143);
    p.start();

      Thread的源码:

    public class Thread implements Runnable {
         /* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */
        private static native void registerNatives();
        static {
            registerNatives();
        }
        ......

       /* What will be run. */

       private Runnable target;

       

        /**

         * If this thread was constructed using a separate

         * <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that

         * <code>Runnable</code> object's <code>run</code> method is called;

         * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.

         * <p>

         * Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method.

         *

         * @see     #start()

         * @see     #stop()

         * @see     #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)

         */

        @Override

        public void run() {

            if (target != null) {

                target.run();

            }

        }

    }

      (2) 声明一个实现了Runnable接口的类。--- Thread 类其实也是实现了Runnable 接口的类 参见上面的源码  

    package java.lang;
    public interface Runnable {
         public abstract void run();
    }

      如果不需要实现Thread 类中的其他方法,可以仅仅实现Runnable接口中的Run()方法来实现多线程。

      "This is important because classes should not be subclassed unless the programmer intends on modifying or enhancing the fundamental behavior of the class." --- Arthur van Hoff

      --- 因为当程序员不准备修改或者增强这个类的功能的时候,就不应该成为这个类的子类。

      

    class PrimeRun implements Runnable {
        long minPrime;
        PrimeRun(long minPrime){
            this.minPrime = minPrime;
        }
    
        public void run() {
            //compute primes larger than minPrime
            ....
        }    
    }

    PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143);
    new Thread(p).start();
     

    2. Executors 

     Executor 接口 

      一个执行提交Runnable 任务的对象。对任务的提交与任务的执行,线程的使用,调度进行解耦。

      取代 new Thread(new(RunnableTask())).start()

      转而使用:

      Executor executor = anExecutor;

      executor.execute(new RunnableTask1());

      executor.execute(new RunnableTask2());

    简单的用法:

     class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
       public void execute(Runnable r) {
         r.run();
       }
     }
    
     class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor {
       public void execute(Runnable r) {
         new Thread(r).start();
       }
     }

    一个复合的Executor:

    class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
       final Queue<Runnable> tasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
       final Executor executor;
       Runnable active;
    
       SerialExecutor(Executor executor) {
         this.executor = executor;
       }
    
       public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
         tasks.offer(new Runnable() {
           public void run() {
             try {
               r.run();
             } finally {
               scheduleNext();
             }
           }
         });
         if (active == null) {
           scheduleNext();
         }
       }
    
       protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
         if ((active = tasks.poll()) != null) {
           executor.execute(active);
         }
       }
     }

      interface ExecutorService

      接口继承Executor提供了方法来管理终止以及可以产生Future结果的同步或者异步任务。

    public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
      void shutdown();//停止说有的任务,不会再接收新的任务
      List<Runnable> shutdownNow();//停止全部活跃的任务,停止等待的任务,返回等待执行任务的列表。
      boolean isShutdown(); // 返回true 如果executor 已经被停止
    boolean  isTerminated(); //如果全部的任务在shutDown后都完成了 返回为true.只有在shutdown()或者 shutdownNow() 被调用后才会返回true.
      boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit) throws InterruptedException; //阻塞直到所有的任务在shutdown()请求完成后,或者超时发生,或者现有的线程中断。
      <T>  Future<T>  submit(Callable<T> task); //提交一个值返回的任务运行,同时返回Future类,通过Future 的get()方法可以获得任务的执行结果。
      <T>  Future<T>  submit(Runnable task, T result);
      Future<?>  submit(Runnable task);//提交一个Runnable 任务执行,返回一个Future代表这个任务。
      <T>  List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Colleaciton<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) throws InterruptedException;//执行指定的多个任务,返回Future的list,包含他们的状态,以及运行完成的结果。
      <T>  List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collectio<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;//执行给定的任务,返回Future的列表,知道所有的任务都完成或者超时时间达到。
      <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;//执行给定的任务,返回任意一个完成的结果。
      <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;//执行给定的任务,直到任务在超时时间内完成
    }

      class Executors

      支持运行异步任务,管理一个线程池,无需手动去创建新的线程。

    public class executors {
            public static void main(String[] args){
                    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
                    executor.submit(() -> {
                            String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                            System.out.println("Hello " + threadName);
                    });
            }
    }

    但是java进程没有结束,Executors必须显示的停止,可以调用上面ExecutorService中的方法来终止:shutdown()  会等待当前的任务运行完成,shutdownNow() 会终止所有的当前正在运行的任务并且立即关闭executor。

    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    public class executors {
            public static void main(String[] args){
                    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
                    executor.submit(() -> {
                            String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                            System.out.println("Hello " + threadName);
                    });
                    try {
                            System.out.println("attempt to shutdown executor");
                            executor.shutdown();
                            executor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            System.err.println("tasks interrupted");
                    } finally {
                            if(!executor.isTerminated()) {
                                    System.err.println("cancel non-finished tasks");
                            }
                            executor.shutdownNow();
                            System.out.println("shutdown finished");
                    }
            }
    }

      Executors 还支持另外一种类型的任务:Callable。Callable会返回一个值。  

    import java.util.concurrent.*;
    
    public class callable{
            public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalStateException,InterruptedException, ExecutionException{
                    Callable<Integer> task = () -> {
                  try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); return 123; } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new IllegalStateException("task interrupted", e); } }; ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1); Future<Integer> future = executor.submit(task); System.out.println("future done? " + future.isDone()); Integer res = future.get(); System.out.println("future done? " + future.isDone()); System.out.print("result : " + res); executor.shutdownNow(); } }

      Executors 可以通过invokeAll()一次批量提交多个callable任务。

    import java.util.concurrent.*;
    import java.util.*;
    
    public class moreCallable{
            public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
                    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newWorkStealingPool();
                    List<Callable<String>> callables = Arrays.asList(
                                    () -> "task1",
                                    () -> "task2",
                                    () -> "task3");
                    executor.invokeAll(callables).stream().map(future -> {
                            try{
                                    return future.get();
                            }catch (Exception e) {
                                    throw new IllegalStateException(e);
                            }
                    }).forEach(System.out::println);
            }
    }

    -----

    Executors 是一个包含有很多static静态方法的类,使用时,可以作为一个工具类使用,

      Executors.newWorkStealingPool() 这个方法又拖出来一个类:ForkJoinPool(extends AbstractExecutorService (since 1.7))

    后续继续写 Future,ForkJoinPool 以及线程的调度:ScheduledExecutorService。

    参考:

    http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1431307471966.html

    https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/package-summary.html

    http://www.cnblogs.com/lucky_dai/p/5509261.html

    java源码


     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/edenpans/p/5945153.html
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