Spring框架从2.0版本开始,提供了基于Schema风格的XML扩展机制,允许开发者扩展spring配置文件。现在我们来看下怎么实现这个功能,可以参考spring帮助文档中的《Extensible XML authoring》。
我们知道如果在需要在spring.xml中配置数据源,需要进行如下的配置:
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3309/sampledb" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="1234" /> </bean>
这种方式配置虽然也比较简单,但是有一个缺点:使用<property>标签不够明显,不如元素属性那么直接。现在我们希望在spring.xml中做如下的配置,就能够完成数据源的配置。
<myns:datasource id="myDataSourcce" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3309/demodb" userName="root" password="root" />
如果让spring能够解析这个标签,需要4步。
1、提供一个xsd文件,负责对xml的标签<datasource>进行校验。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema xmlns="http://www.aty.com/schema/aty" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" targetNamespace="http://www.mycompany.com/schema/myns" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified"> <xsd:import namespace="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" /> <xsd:element name="datasource"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexContent> <xsd:extension base="beans:identifiedType"> <xsd:attribute name="driverClassName" type="xsd:string" use="required" /> <xsd:attribute name="url" type="xsd:string" use="required" /> <xsd:attribute name="username" type="xsd:string" use="required" /> <xsd:attribute name="password" type="xsd:string" use="required" /> </xsd:extension> </xsd:complexContent> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>
2、定义一个BeanDefinitionParser负责解析xml,并将必要的信息放入spring中。
package net.mingyang.spring_extensible_xml; import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder; import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser; import org.w3c.dom.Element; public class DatasourceBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser { protected Class getBeanClass(Element element) { return BasicDataSource.class; } protected void doParse(Element element, BeanDefinitionBuilder bean) { String driverClassName = element.getAttribute("driverClassName"); bean.addPropertyValue("driverClassName", driverClassName); String url = element.getAttribute("url"); bean.addPropertyValue("url", url); String username = element.getAttribute("username"); bean.addPropertyValue("username", username); String password = element.getAttribute("password"); bean.addPropertyValue("password", password); } }
3、定义个NamespaceHandler, 由sping框架的调用入口。
package net.mingyang.spring_extensible_xml; import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport; public class DatasourceNamespaceHandlerSupport extends NamespaceHandlerSupport { public void init() { registerBeanDefinitionParser("datasource", new DatasourceBeanDefinitionParser()); } }
4、配置schema和handler。我们通过一些配置文件来告知Spring,它们就是spring.handlers和spring.schemas,它们放在META-INF目录中。
spring.handlers内容如下:
http://www.mycompany.com/schema/myns=net.mingyang.spring_extensible_xml.DatasourceNamespaceHandlerSupport
spring.schemas内容如下:
http://www.mycompany.com/schema/myns/myns.xsd=META-INF/myns.xsd
OK,到这里Spring需要的所有定义就完了。
测试类:
package net.mingyang.spring_extensible_xml; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class DatasourceXmlTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "spring.xml"); DataSource ds = (DataSource) context.getBean("myDataSourcce"); System.out.println(ds); } }
spring.xml内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:myns="http://www.mycompany.com/schema/myns" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.mycompany.com/schema/myns http://www.mycompany.com/schema/myns/myns.xsd"> <myns:datasource id="myDataSourcce" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3309/demodb" username="root" password="root" /> </beans>