SpringMVC+Shiro权限管理

什么是权限呢？举个简单的例子：

我有一个论坛，注册的用户分为normal用户，manager用户。
对论坛的帖子的操作有这些：
添加，删除，更新，查看，回复
我们规定：
normal用户只能：添加，查看，回复
manager用户可以：删除，更新
normal，manager对应的是角色（role）
添加，删除，更新等对应的是权限（permission）

我们采用下面的逻辑创建权限表结构（不是绝对的，根据需要修改）

一个用户可以有多种角色（normal,manager,admin等等）
一个角色可以有多个用户（user1,user2,user3等等）
一个角色可以有多个权限（save,update,delete,query等等）
一个权限只属于一个角色（delete只属于manager角色）

我们创建四张表：

t_user用户表:设置了3个用户
-------------------------------
id + username   + password
---+----------------+----------
1  +   tom           +  000000
2  +   jack           +  000000
3  +   rose          +  000000
---------------------------------
t_role角色表：设置3个角色
--------------
id + rolename 
---+----------
1  + admin
2  + manager
3  + normal
--------------
t_user_role用户角色表：tom是admin和normal角色，jack是manager和normal角色，rose是normal角色
---------------------
user_id  +  role_id
-----------+-----------
1            +     1
1            +     3
2            +     2
2            +     3
3            +     3
---------------------
t_permission权限表：admin角色可以删除，manager角色可以添加和更新，normal角色可以查看
-----------------------------------
id  +  permissionname  +  role_id
----+------------------------+-----------
1   +   add                     +     2
2   +   del                       +    1
3   +   update                +     2
4   +   query                   +    3
-----------------------------------

建立对应的POJO：

package com.cn.pojo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_user")
public class User {

    private Integer id;
    @NotEmpty(message = "用户名不能为空")
    private String username;
    @NotEmpty(message = "密码不能为空")
    private String password;
    private List<Role> roleList;// 一个用户具有多个角色

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "t_user_role", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "user_id") }, inverseJoinColumns = {
            @JoinColumn(name = "role_id") })
    public List<Role> getRoleList() {
        return roleList;
    }

    public void setRoleList(List<Role> roleList) {
        this.roleList = roleList;
    }

    @Transient
    public Set<String> getRolesName() {
        List<Role> roles = getRoleList();
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
        for (Role role : roles) {
            set.add(role.getRolename());
        }
        return set;
    }

}

package com.cn.pojo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_role")
public class Role {

    private Integer id;
    private String rolename;
    private List<Permission> permissionList;// 一个角色对应多个权限
    private List<User> userList;// 一个角色对应多个用户

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getRolename() {
        return rolename;
    }

    public void setRolename(String rolename) {
        this.rolename = rolename;
    }

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "role")
    public List<Permission> getPermissionList() {
        return permissionList;
    }

    public void setPermissionList(List<Permission> permissionList) {
        this.permissionList = permissionList;
    }

    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "t_user_role", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "role_id") }, inverseJoinColumns = {
            @JoinColumn(name = "user_id") })
    public List<User> getUserList() {
        return userList;
    }

    public void setUserList(List<User> userList) {
        this.userList = userList;
    }

    @Transient
    public List<String> getPermissionsName() {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        List<Permission> perlist = getPermissionList();
        for (Permission per : perlist) {
            list.add(per.getPermissionname());
        }
        return list;
    }
}

package com.cn.pojo;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_permission")
public class Permission {

    private Integer id;
    private String permissionname;
    private Role role;// 一个权限对应一个角色

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getPermissionname() {
        return permissionname;
    }

    public void setPermissionname(String permissionname) {
        this.permissionname = permissionname;
    }

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "role_id")
    public Role getRole() {
        return role;
    }

    public void setRole(Role role) {
        this.role = role;
    }

}

使用SHIRO的步骤：
1、导入jar
2、配置web.xml
3、建立dbRelm
4、在Spring中配置

pom.xml中配置如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hyx</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringMVC核心jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- springmvc连接数据库需要的jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- ************************************ -->
        <!-- Hibernate相关jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.26</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- javax提供的annotation -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
            <version>1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- **************************** -->

        <!-- hibernate验证 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 用于对@ResponseBody注解的支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 提供对c标签的支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- servlet api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Apache Shiro所需的jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
        <!-- maven的jetty服务器插件 -->
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <webApp>
                        <contextPath>/</contextPath>
                    </webApp>
                    <!-- 修改jetty的默认端口 -->
                    <connectors>
                        <connector implementation="org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
                            <port>80</port>
                            <maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>
                        </connector>
                    </connectors>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>  

web.xml中的配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
<web-app version="2.5"   
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"   
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee   
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">  
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>  
    
  <!-- spring-orm-hibernate4的OpenSessionInViewFilter -->  
  <filter>  
    <filter-name>opensessioninview</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>  
  </filter>  
  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>opensessioninview</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  
    
  <!-- 配置springmvc servlet -->  
  <servlet>  
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>  
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
  </servlet>  
  <servlet-mapping>  
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>  
    <!-- / 表示所有的请求都要经过此serlvet -->  
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
  </servlet-mapping>  
    
  <!-- spring的监听器 -->  
  <context-param>  
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>  
  </context-param>  
  <listener>  
    <listener-class>  
        org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener  
    </listener-class>  
  </listener>  
    
  <!-- Shiro配置 -->    
  <filter>    
    <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>    
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>    
  </filter>    
  <filter-mapping>    
    <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>    
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    
  </filter-mapping>  
    
</web-app>  

package com.cn.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.inject.Inject;

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.cn.pojo.Role;
import com.cn.pojo.User;

@Service
@Transactional
public class MyShiro extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Inject
    private UserService userService;

    /**
     * 权限认证
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        // 获取登录时输入的用户名
        String loginName = (String) principalCollection.fromRealm(getName()).iterator().next();
        // 到数据库查是否有此对象
        User user = userService.findByName(loginName);
        if (user != null) {
            // 权限信息对象info,用来存放查出的用户的所有的角色（role）及权限（permission）
            SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
            // 用户的角色集合
            info.setRoles(user.getRolesName());
            // 用户的角色对应的所有权限，如果只使用角色定义访问权限，下面的四行可以不要
            List<Role> roleList = user.getRoleList();
            for (Role role : roleList) {
                info.addStringPermissions(role.getPermissionsName());
            }
            return info;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 登录认证;
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken)
            throws AuthenticationException {
        // UsernamePasswordToken对象用来存放提交的登录信息
        UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
        // 查出是否有此用户
        User user = userService.findByName(token.getUsername());
        if (user != null) {
            // 若存在，将此用户存放到登录认证info中
            return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), getName());
        }
        return null;
    }

}

在spring的配置文件中配置，为了区别spring原配置和shiro我们将shiro的配置独立出来。

applicationContext-shiro.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置权限管理器 -->
    <bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
        <!-- ref对应我们写的realm MyShiro -->
        <property name="realm" ref="myShiro" />
        <!-- 使用下面配置的缓存管理器 -->
        <property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置shiro的过滤器工厂类，id- shiroFilter要和我们在web.xml中配置的过滤器一致 -->
    <bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
        <!-- 调用我们配置的权限管理器 -->
        <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
        <!-- 配置我们的登录请求地址 -->
        <property name="loginUrl" value="/login" />
        <!-- 配置我们在登录页登录成功后的跳转地址，如果你访问的是非/login地址，则跳到您访问的地址 -->
        <property name="successUrl" value="/user" />
        <!-- 如果您请求的资源不再您的权限范围，则跳转到/403请求地址 -->
        <property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/403" />
        <!-- 权限配置 -->
        <property name="filterChainDefinitions">
            <value>
                <!-- anon表示此地址不需要任何权限即可访问 -->
                /static/**=anon
                <!-- perms[user:query]表示访问此连接需要权限为user:query的用户 -->
                /user=perms[user:query]
                <!-- roles[manager]表示访问此连接需要用户的角色为manager -->
                /user/add=roles[manager]
                /user/del/**=roles[admin]
                /user/edit/**=roles[manager]
                <!--所有的请求(除去配置的静态资源请求或请求地址为anon的请求)都要通过登录验证,如果未登录则跳到/login -->
                /** = authc
            </value>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <bean id="cacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.MemoryConstrainedCacheManager" />
    <bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor" />

</beans>  

用于登录，登出，权限跳转的控制：

package com.cn.controller;

import javax.validation.Valid;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;

import com.cn.pojo.User;

@Controller
public class HomeController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String loginForm(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("user", new User());
        return "/login";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String login(@Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        try {
            if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
                return "/login";
            }
            // 使用权限工具进行用户登录，登录成功后跳到shiro配置的successUrl中，与下面的return没什么关系！
            SecurityUtils.getSubject().login(new UsernamePasswordToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword()));
            return "redirect:/user";
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "用户名或密码错误");
            return "redirect:/login";
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/logout", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String logout(RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        // 使用权限管理工具进行用户的退出，跳出登录，给出提示信息
        SecurityUtils.getSubject().logout();
        redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "您已安全退出");
        return "redirect:/login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/403")
    public String unauthorizedRole() {
        return "/403";
    }
}

三个主要的JSP：

login.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'MyJsp.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>登录页面----${message }</h1>
    <img alt="" src="/static/img/1.jpg">
    <form:form action="/login" commandName="user" method="post">  
        用户名：<form:input path="username" />
        <form:errors path="username" cssClass="error" />
        <br />  
        密 &nbsp;&nbsp;码：<form:password path="password" />
        <form:errors path="password" cssClass="error" />
        <br />
        <form:button name="button">submit</form:button>
    </form:form>
</body>
</html>

user.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="shiro" uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>用户列表</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>${message }</h1>
    <h1>
        用户列表--<a href="/user/add">添加用户</a>---<a href="/logout">退出登录</a>
    </h1>
    <h2>权限列表</h2>
    <shiro:authenticated>用户已经登录显示此内容</shiro:authenticated>
    <shiro:hasRole name="manager">manager角色登录显示此内容</shiro:hasRole>
    <shiro:hasRole name="admin">admin角色登录显示此内容</shiro:hasRole>
    <shiro:hasRole name="normal">normal角色登录显示此内容</shiro:hasRole>

    <shiro:hasAnyRoles name="manager,admin">**manager or admin 角色用户登录显示此内容**</shiro:hasAnyRoles>
    <shiro:principal />
    -显示当前登录用户名
    <shiro:hasPermission name="add">add权限用户显示此内容</shiro:hasPermission>
    <shiro:hasPermission name="user:query">query权限用户显示此内容<shiro:principal />
    </shiro:hasPermission>
    <shiro:lacksPermission name="user:del"> 不具有user:del权限的用户显示此内容 </shiro:lacksPermission>
    <ul>
        <c:forEach items="${userList }" var="user">
            <li>用户名：${user.username }----密码：${user.password }----<a
                href="/user/edit/${user.id}">修改用户</a>----<a href="javascript:;"
                class="del" ref="${user.id }">删除用户</a></li>
        </c:forEach>
    </ul>
    <img alt="" src="/static/img/1.jpg">
    <script type="text/javascript"
        src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function() {
            $(".del").click(function() {
                var id = $(this).attr("ref");
                $.ajax({
                    type : "delete",
                    url : "/user/del/" + id,
                    success : function(e) {

                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

403.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>权限错误</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>对不起，您没有权限请求此连接！</h1>
    <img alt="" src="/static/img/1.jpg">
</body>
</html>

本文转自：http://peirenlei.iteye.com/blog/2086639