补丁下载
内核代码
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# head Makefile # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 VERSION = 5 PATCHLEVEL = 14 SUBLEVEL = 0 EXTRAVERSION = NAME = Opossums on Parade
http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/5.14/
at Makefile | head # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 VERSION = 5 PATCHLEVEL = 14 SUBLEVEL = 0 EXTRAVERSION = NAME = Opossums on Parade
tar -xvf patches-5.14.2-rt21.tar.xz
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# uname -a Linux Ubuntu-riscv64 5.14.0-rt21 #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Oct 14 10:27:33 CST 2021 riscv64 riscv64 riscv64 GNU/Linux
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# cat include/config/kernel.release 5.14.0-rt21 root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14#
打补丁
由于解压出来补丁有200多个patch, 在内核目录下借用脚本合并补丁
linux-5.14$ ls patches/series patches/series
linux-5.14$ ls patches/series patches/series
cat patch.sh #!/bin/sh cat ./patches/series | while read line do patch -p1 < ./patches/$line done
交叉编译
交叉编译 make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- menuconfig make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- -j
cat include/config/kernel.release 5.14.0-rt21
linux-5.14$ ls arch/riscv/boot/ -al total 26624 drwxrwxr-x 3 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 14 10:29 . drwxrwxr-x 10 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 14 10:27 .. drwxrwxr-x 5 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Aug 30 06:04 dts -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 83 Aug 30 06:04 .gitignore -rwxrwxr-x 1 ubuntu ubuntu 27421184 Oct 14 10:29 Image -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 151 Oct 14 10:29 .Image.cmd -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 8707892 Oct 14 10:29 Image.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 101 Oct 14 10:29 .Image.gz.cmd -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1561 Aug 30 06:04 install.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 206 Aug 30 06:04 loader.lds.S -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 143 Aug 30 06:04 loader.S -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1852 Aug 30 06:04 Makefile
Generating Kernel modules
linux-5.14$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=./modules_install
INSTALL modules_install/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-podhd.ko INSTALL modules_install/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-toneport.ko INSTALL modules_install/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-variax.ko INSTALL modules_install/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/kernel/sound/usb/misc/snd-ua101.ko DEPMOD ./modules_install/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21
tar -cvf 5.14.0-rt21.tar modules_install/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21
buildroot
git clone https://gitee.com/mirrors/buildroot.git Cloning into 'buildroot'... remote: Enumerating objects: 556, done.
make qemu_riscv64_virt_defconfig mkdir -p /root/buildroot-2021.08.1/output/build/buildroot-config/lxdialog PKG_CONFIG_PATH="" make CC="/usr/bin/gcc" HOSTCC="/usr/bin/gcc" \
make menuconfig mkdir -p /root/buildroot-2021.08.1/output/build/buildroot-config/lxdialog
make -j 128
modules are missing:
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
configure: error: you should not run configure as root (set FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 in environment to bypass this check) See `config.log' for more details make: *** [/root/buildroot-2021.08.1/output/build/host-tar-1.34/.stamp_configured] Error 1 [root@centos7 buildroot-2021.08.1]# export FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 [root@centos7 buildroot-2021.08.1]# make -j 128
生成
ln -snf /root/buildroot /output/host/riscv64-buildroot-linux-uclibc/sysroot /root/buildroot-2021.08.1/output/staging >>> Executing post-image script board/qemu/post-image.sh You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@centos7 buildroot-]# [root@centos7 buildroot-]# ls buildroot-/output/ ls: cannot access buildroot-/output/: No such file or directory [root@centos7 buildroot ]# ls output/images/ fw_dynamic.bin fw_dynamic.elf fw_jump.bin fw_jump.elf rootfs.ext2 rootfs.tar start-qemu.sh [root@centos7 buildroot-]# file output/images/rootfs.ext2 output/images/rootfs.ext2: Linux rev 1.0 ext2 filesystem data, UUID=f782840d-9251-495d-b646-32800af3ca12 (large files) [root@centos7 buildroot ]# file output/images/rootfs.tar output/images/rootfs.tar: POSIX tar archive [root@centos7 buildroot-]#
sd卡
root@ :~# ls data1/ boot.scr.uimg Image_git_GPIO_initramfs_rebuil Image_l2.gz sifive_5.14.gz extlinux Image.gz Image_nol2.gz System Volume Information hifive-unleashed-a00-microsemi.dtb Image_hotplug_initramfs Image_only_git.gz
ls data2 bin boot dev etc home lib lost+found media mnt proc run sbin sys tmp usr var
留下lost+found
~/data2# rm -rf bin boot dev etc home lib media mnt proc run sbin sys tmp usr var
ls lost+found
~/data2# ls lost+found rootfs.tar
tar xvf rootfs.tar
~/data2# ls bin etc lib64 lost+found mnt proc rootfs.tar sbin tmp var dev lib linuxrc media opt root run sys usr
cat data1/extlinux/extlinux.conf default OpenEmbedded label OpenEmbedded-SiFive-HiFive-Unleashed kernel /sifive_5.14.gz fdt /hifive-unleashed-a00-microsemi.dtb append root=/dev/mmcblk0p4 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait console=ttySIF0,115200 earlycon=sbi
启动
deleting routers [ 13.578454] random: mktemp: uninitialized urandom read (6 bytes read) adding dns 192.168.8.17 adding dns 192.168.8.18 OK Welcome to Buildroot buildroot login: root # ls # pwd /root # ls -al total 12 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:01 . drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Oct 14 2021 .. -rw------- 1 root root 14 Jan 1 00:01 .ash_history # uname -a Linux buildroot 5.14.0-rt21 #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Oct 14 10:27:33 CST 2021 riscv64 GNU/Linux #
采用buildroot构建的系统不能使用 yum apt等
# apt-get -y install lrzsz -sh: apt-get: not found # cat /etc/os-release NAME=Buildroot VERSION=2021.08.1 ID=buildroot VERSION_ID=2021.08.1 PRETTY_NAME="Buildroot 2021.08.1" #
RISC-V Ubuntu Rootfs from scratch
As the root filesystem, you can choose between downloading a pre-built Debian or Ubuntu or build the rootfs yourself.
The pre-built Debian tarball can be downloaded with: wget -O rootfs.tar.bz2 https://github.com/carlosedp/riscv-bringup/releases/download/v1.0/debian-sid-riscv64-rootfs-20200108.tar.bz2.
The pre-built Ubuntu Focal tarball can be downloaded with: wget -O rootfs.tar.bz2 https://github.com/carlosedp/riscv-bringup/releases/download/v1.0/UbuntuFocal-riscv64-rootfs.tar.gz.
If you want to build a Debian rootfs from scratch, check this guide.
阿里镜像下载
| 基本镜像(debian-base) | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/thead/images/riscv64-ice/debian-rootfs.ext4.gz | 59MB |
| 开发镜像 (debian-dev) | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/thead/images/riscv64-ice/debian-dev-rootfs.ext4.gz | 197MB |
| xfce 桌面(debian-desktop) | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/thead/images/riscv64-ice/debian-desktop-rootfs.ext4.gz |
Installing new version of config file /etc/xdg/virt-builder/repos.d/libguestfs.conf ... Setting up libguestfs-xfs:arm64 (1:1.44.1-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130ubuntu3.8) ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.5.19-050519-generic Warning: couldn't identify filesystem type for fsck hook, ignoring. Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.33-0ubuntu5) ... W: APT had planned for dpkg to do more than it reported back (21 vs 25). Affected packages: udev:arm64 root@cloud:~/risc_ubuntu# dpkg -l |grep uuid ii libuuid1:arm64 2.36.1-7ubuntu2 arm64 Universally Unique ID library ii uuid-dev:arm64 2.36.1-7ubuntu2 arm64 Universally Unique ID library - headers and static libraries ii uuid-runtime 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 arm64 runtime components for the Universally Unique ID library root@cloud:~/risc_ubuntu#
安装libuuid库 libuuid是一个跨平台的开源的uuid操作库。一般的机器上默认是没有，先安装一下。 执行：sudo apt-get install uuid-dev 然后再执行：sudo apt-get -f install 就成功了
root@cloud:~/risc_ubuntu# chroot temp-rootfs /bin/bash groups: cannot find name for group ID 0 I have no name!@cloud:/# I have no name!@cloud:/# ls bin boot debootstrap dev etc home lib proc root run sbin sys tmp usr var I have no name!@cloud:/#
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y util-linux haveged openssh-server systemd kmod initramfs-tools conntrack ebtables ethtool iproute2 iptables mount socat ifupdown iputils-ping vim dhcpcd5 neofetch sudo chrony
> LABEL=rootfs/ext4user_xattr,errors=remount-ro01 > EOF^C I have no name!@cloud:/# cat >/etc/fstab <<EOF > LABEL=rootfs / ext4 user_xattr,errors=remount-ro 0 1 > EOF I have no name!@cloud:/# echo "Ubuntu-riscv64" > /etc/hostname I have no name!@cloud:/# echo "root:riscv" | chpasswd I have no name!@cloud:/# sed -i "s/#PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config I have no name!@cloud:/# rm -rf /var/cache/apt/ I have no name!@cloud:/# exit exit root@cloud:~/risc_ubuntu#
总结
# Install pre-reqs sudo apt install debootstrap qemu qemu-user-static binfmt-support dpkg-cross --no-install-recommends # Generate minimal bootstrap rootfs sudo debootstrap --arch=riscv64 --foreign hirsute ./temp-rootfs http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports # chroot to it and finish debootstrap sudo chroot temp-rootfs /bin/bash /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage # Add package sources cat >/etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-updates main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-updates universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-updates multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-security main restricted deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-security universe deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports hirsute-security multiverse EOF # Install essential packages apt-get update apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y util-linux haveged openssh-server systemd kmod initramfs-tools conntrack ebtables ethtool iproute2 iptables mount socat ifupdown iputils-ping vim dhcpcd5 neofetch sudo chrony # Create base config files mkdir -p /etc/network cat >>/etc/network/interfaces <<EOF auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp EOF cat >/etc/resolv.conf <<EOF nameserver 1.1.1.1 nameserver 8.8.8.8 EOF cat >/etc/fstab <<EOF LABEL=rootfs / ext4 user_xattr,errors=remount-ro 0 1 EOF echo "Ubuntu-riscv64" > /etc/hostname # Disable some services on Qemu， 这两步不需要 #ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/network/99-default.link #ln -sf /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/serial-getty@hvc0.service # Set root passwd echo "root:riscv" | chpasswd sed -i "s/#PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config # Clean APT cache and debootstrap dirs rm -rf /var/cache/apt/ # Exit chroot exit sudo tar -cSf Ubuntu-Hippo-rootfs.tar -C temp-rootfs . gzip Ubuntu-Hippo-rootfs.tar rm -rf temp-rootfs
登陆
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# ls root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# ls /r ls: cannot access '/r': No such file or directory root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# ls / bin dev home lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~#
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# uname -a Linux Ubuntu-riscv64 5.14.0-rt21 #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Oct 14 10:27:33 CST 2021 riscv64 riscv64 riscv64 GNU/Linux root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~#
Read-only file system
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# touch txt.txt touch: cannot touch 'txt.txt': Read-only file system
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/# touch txt.txt touch: cannot touch 'txt.txt': Read-only file system root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/# mount -o remount,rw / mount: /: can't find LABEL=rootfs. root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/# touch txt.txt touch: cannot touch 'txt.txt': Read-only file system root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/# blkid /dev/mmcblk0p3: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="48B8-EE4D" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="boot" PARTUUID="eb771f44-4547-416d-82f5-619de5c0ffae" /dev/mmcblk0p4: LABEL="root" UUID="eede8079-01cd-46d1-995f-50185ef3888d" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="root" PARTUUID="88cd64c7-cd99-4d8a-a833-2d3441319154" /dev/mtdblock0: PTUUID="05a48cfd-119d-59c4-8c6a-d76e8de6a289" PTTYPE="gpt" /dev/mmcblk0p1: PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="5a8d762e-3f43-44ef-8afa-f1b71512b988" /dev/mmcblk0p2: PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="306f5864-1122-4f55-9b04-9b1149f6568e" root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/#
LABEL="root,label错误了
更改
/etc/fstab
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# touch txt.txt root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=root / ext4 noatime,lazytime,rw 0 1 root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~#
可以rw的build rootfs
cat etc/fstab # <file system> <mount pt> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/root / ext2 rw,noauto 0 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=0666 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs mode=0777 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
Key exchange failed.
No compatible key exchange method. The server supports these methods: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256
KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make
You don't have enough free space in /var/cache/apt/archives/
解决办法：
清除所有已下载的过期安装包
sudo apt-get autoclean清除所有已下载的安装包
sudo apt-get clean虚拟机环境下Ubuntu主机硬盘较小，清理缓存仍空间不足。
解决办法：在虚拟机软件中增加Ubuntu主机硬盘空间，并在Ubuntu Disks中增大实际使用的硬盘大小。
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 6.3G 5.9G 16M 100% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.6G 1.4M 1.6G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 796M 0 796M 0% /run/user/0
W: Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/perl-base_5.32.1-3ubuntu2.1_riscv64.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
chmod 755 / 解决它。
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# chmod 755 /
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~#
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 6.3G 5.0G 990M 84% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.6G 1.4M 1.6G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 796M 0 796M 0% /run/user/0
修改/etc/fstab的这行
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=root / ext4 noatime,lazytime,rw 0 1 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1024M 0 0
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# mount -o remount /dev/shm root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 6.3G 5.0G 990M 84% / tmpfs 1.0G 0 1.0G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.6G 1.4M 1.6G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 796M 0 796M 0% /run/user/0
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 6.3G 5.0G 990M 84% / tmpfs 1.0G 0 1.0G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.6G 1.4M 1.6G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 796M 0 796M 0% /run/user/0 root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~#
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# mount -o remount /run root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 6.3G 5.3G 703M 89% / tmpfs 256M 0 256M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 256M 1.4M 255M 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 796M 0 796M 0% /run/user/0 root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=root / ext4 noatime,lazytime,rw 0 1 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=256M 0 0 none /run tmpfs defaults,size=256M 0 0 root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14#
scripts/basic/fixdep: Exec format error
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# make scripts SYNC include/config/auto.conf.cmd HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o /bin/sh: 1: scripts/basic/fixdep: Exec format error make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.host:112: scripts/kconfig/conf.o] Error 126 make[2]: *** Deleting file 'scripts/kconfig/conf.o' make[1]: *** [Makefile:625: syncconfig] Error 2 Makefile:712: include/config/auto.conf.cmd: No such file or directory make: *** [Makefile:735: include/config/auto.conf.cmd] Error 2
include/config/kernel.release
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# find ./ -name kernel.release root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# make include/config/kernel.release SYNC include/config/auto.conf.cmd HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf UPD include/config/kernel.release root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# find ./ -name kernel.release ./include/config/kernel.release root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14#
make asm-generic
Re: Question about "asm/rwonce.h: No such file or directory"
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# make asm-generic WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/early_ioremap.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/extable.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/flat.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/kvm_para.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/user.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/vmlinux.lds.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/bugs.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/checksum.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/compat.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/device.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/div64.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/dma-mapping.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/dma.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/emergency-restart.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/exec.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/fb.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/hardirq.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/hw_irq.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/irq_regs.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/kmap_size.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/local.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/local64.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/msi.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/percpu.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/preempt.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/serial.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/shmparam.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/simd.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/softirq_stack.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/topology.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/trace_clock.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/unaligned.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/vga.h WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/xor.h
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# make asm-generic WRAP arch/riscv/include/generated/asm/rwonce.h
generated/bounds.h: No such file or directory
./include/linux/page-flags-layout.h:6:10: fatal error: generated/bounds.h: No such file or directory 6 | #include <generated/bounds.h>
原因：bounds.h是在编译内核时生成的，类似于编译产生的.o文件，如果你运行
"make clean" or "make distclean"，这个文件就会被清除掉（详情查看内核Makefile）。因此，如果再利用此内核源码编译内核模块，如果有涉及bounds.h，就会出现找不到该文件的错误。
解决：独立内核目录之外编译模块时，要确保makefile文件中所定义的内核源代码树已经make过一遍，且没有make clean。这样就不会清除生成的bound.h头文件，这个文件是生成模块必须的。
或者"make prepare"
这样就会重新生成bounds.h，搞定了！
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# make prepare UPD include/generated/timeconst.h CC arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.s UPD include/generated/asm-offsets.h CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh CALL scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# find ./ -name bounds.h ./include/generated/bounds.h root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14#
No rule to make target 'scripts/module.lds
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# make modules_prepare CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh CALL scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh LDS scripts/module.lds root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/usr/src/linux-5.14# find ./ -name module.lds ./scripts/module.lds
modules_install: missing 'System.map' file. Skipping depmod.
ERROR: could not fstatat(/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21, modules.dep): No such file or directory
Warning: modules_install: missing 'System.map' file. Skipping depmod.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-5.14'
depmod -A
depmod: ERROR: could not fstatat(/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21, modules.dep): No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open modules.order at /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open modules.builtin at /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21: No such file or directory
root@Ubuntu-riscv64: # ls /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules. modules.alias modules.builtin.bin modules.devname modules.symbols.bin modules.alias.bin modules.dep modules.softdep modules.builtin.alias.bin modules.dep.bin modules.symbols root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~ # ls /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.de modules.dep modules.dep.bin modules.devname root@Ubuntu-riscv64:~ # ls /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.de
ls /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.* /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.alias /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.dep.bin /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.alias.bin /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.devname /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.builtin.alias.bin /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.softdep /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.builtin.bin /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.symbols /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.dep /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21/modules.symbols.bin
ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`
modules.builtin.alias.bin modules.dep.bin modules.symbols
modules.alias modules.builtin.bin modules.devname modules.symbols.bin
modules.alias.bin modules.dep modules.softdep
运行
cd /lib/modules/`uname -r` && depmod -a
root@Ubuntu-riscv64:/lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21# depmod -a depmod: WARNING: could not open modules.order at /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21: No such file or directory depmod: WARNING: could not open modules.builtin at /lib/modules/5.14.0-rt21: No such file or directory
CONFIG_LTO
Due to recent bug fixes in the toolchain, it's recommended to use clang 5.0 or later, and GNU gold from binutils 2.27 or later, although older versions may also work depending on your kernel configuration. Here are the steps for compiling arm64 defconfig with LTO, assuming LLVMgold.so is in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and the rest of the toolchain is in PATH: $ make ARCH=arm64 defconfig $ ./scripts/config -e LTO_CLANG $ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- CC=clang
ls ./arch/riscv/include/asm/