https://www.tuicool.com/articles/mauiMzY
One of the first things you'll usually do in a project is to bring in Sass to make working with CSS easier.
When working with theAngular CLI, the default stylesheets have the .css extension. Let's explore how we can easily bring in Sass to our Angular CLI projects.
If you want a quick intro into the Angular CLI, check out the official docs and our Use the Angular CLI For Faster Angular v2+ Projects .
Starting an Angular CLI Project with Sass
Normally, when we run ng new my-app , our app will have .css files. To get the CLI to generate .scss files (or .sass / .less ) is an easy matter.
Create a new project with Sass with the following:
ng new my-sassy-app --style=scss
You can also set the --style flag with the following:
--style=scss--style=sass--style=less
Converting a Current App to Sass
If you've already created your Angular CLI app with the default .css files, it will take a bit more work to convert it over. You can tell Angular to start processing Sass files with the following command:
ng set defaults.styleExt scss
This will go ahead and tell the Angular CLI to start processing .scss files. If you want to peek under the hood at what this command did, check out the Angular CLI config file: .angular-cli.json .
You'll find the new config line at the bottom of the file:
"defaults": {
"styleExt": "scss",
"component": {
}
}
Changing the CSS Files to Sass
The Angular CLI will start processing Sass files now. However, it doesn't go through the process of converting your already existing .css files to .scss files. You'll have to make the conversion manually .
Using Sass Imports
I personally like creating Sass files for project variables and for project mixins. This way, we can bring in any variables/mixins we'll need quickly and easily.
For instance, let's create a brand new CLI app:
ng new my-sassy-app --style=scss
Next, we'll create the following files:
|- src/
|- sass/
|- _variables.scss
|- _mixins.scss
|- styles.scss
To start using these new Sass files, we'll import the _variables.scss and _mixins.scssinto the main styles.scss .
// src/sass/styles.scss
@import './variables';
@import './mixins';
The last step is to update our .angular-cli.json config to use this new src/sass/styles.scss instead of the src/styles.scss . In our .angular-cli.json file, just change the following line to point to the right styles.scss .
I like separating out our Sass into its own folder because it allows us to create a more robust Sass foundation. I personally lean towards the Sass 7-1 Pattern .
Now when we start up our app, these new Sass files will be used!
Importing Sass Files Into Angular Components
We have new _variables.scss and _mixins.scss files that we will probably want to use in our components. In other projects, you may be used to having access to your Sass variables in all locations since your Sass is compiled by a task runner.
In the Angular CLI, all components are self-contained and so are their Sass files. In order to use a variable from within a component's Sass file, you'll need to import the _variables.scssfile.
One way to do this is to @import with a relative path from the component. This may not scale if you have many nested folders or eventually move files around.
The CLI provides an easy way to import Sass files using the ~ .
No matter what component Sass file we're in, we can do an import like so:
// src/app/app.component.scss
@import '~sass/variables';
// now we can use those variables!
The tilde ( ~ ) will tell Sass to look in the src/ folder and is a quick shortcut to importing Sass files.
Using Bootstrap Sass Files
Another scenario we'll need to do often is to import third party libraries and their Sass files.
We'll bring in Bootstrap and see how we can import the Sass files into our project. This is good since we can pick and choose what parts of Bootstrap we want to use. We can also import the Bootstrap mixins and use them in our own projects.
To get us started, install bootstrap:
npm install --save bootstrap@4.0.0-beta
Note: We're using the 4.0 beta because 4.0 is built with Sass and gives the proper .scssfiles.
Adding Bootstrap CSS File
Now that we have Bootstrap, let's look at how we can include the basic CSS file. This is an easy process by adding the bootstrap.css file to our .angular-cli.json config:
"styles": [
"../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css",
"sass/styles.scss"
],
Note: We're using the .. because the CLI starts looking from within the src/ folder. We had to go up one folder to get to the node_modules folder.
While we can import the Bootstrap CSS this way, this doesn't let us import just sections of Bootstrap or use the Sass variables/mixins that Bootstrap provides.
Let's look at how we can use the Bootstrap Sass files instead of the CSS file.
Adding Bootstrap Sass Files
Let's cut down the number of CSS rules that we use in our app. Let's look at all the Sass files that Bootstrap uses :
/*!
* Bootstrap v4.0.0-beta (https://getbootstrap.com)
* Copyright 2011-2017 The Bootstrap Authors
* Copyright 2011-2017 Twitter, Inc.
* Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE)
*/
@import "functions";
@import "variables";
@import "mixins";
@import "print";
@import "reboot";
@import "type";
@import "images";
@import "code";
@import "grid";
@import "tables";
@import "forms";
@import "buttons";
@import "transitions";
@import "dropdown";
@import "button-group";
@import "input-group";
@import "custom-forms";
@import "nav";
@import "navbar";
@import "card";
@import "breadcrumb";
@import "pagination";
@import "badge";
@import "jumbotron";
@import "alert";
@import "progress";
@import "media";
@import "list-group";
@import "close";
@import "modal";
@import "tooltip";
@import "popover";
@import "carousel";
@import "utilities";
That's a lot of tools that you may not use in your own project.
Inside our src/sass/styles.scss file, let's import only the Bootstrap files we'll need. Just like we imported Sass files from the src folder using the tilde ( ~ ), the tilde will also look into the node_modules folder.
We can do the following to only get the Bootstrap base tools:
// src/sass/styles.scss
@import
'~bootstrap/scss/functions',
'~bootstrap/scss/variables',
'~bootstrap/scss/mixins',
'~bootstrap/scss/print',
'~bootstrap/scss/reboot',
'~bootstrap/scss/type';
Conclusion
The tilde ( ~ ) makes importing Sass files in the Angular CLI super easy! Hope this quick tip was helpful in your Angular journey. Thanks for reading.
While it is a bit more work to have to import files into every component that you'll want to use them in, it's not too bad of a workaround to use the ~ .