先执行下面一堆代码
-- Create the data type IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.types WHERE name LIKE 'Hierarchy') IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.Hierarchy') IS NOT NULL DROP TYPE dbo.Hierarchy go CREATE TYPE dbo.Hierarchy AS TABLE ( element_id INT NOT NULL, /* internal surrogate primary key gives the order of parsing and the list order */ sequenceNo [int] NULL, /* the place in the sequence for the element */ parent_ID INT,/* if the element has a parent then it is in this column. The document is the ultimate parent, so you can get the structure from recursing from the document */ [Object_ID] INT,/* each list or object has an object id. This ties all elements to a parent. Lists are treated as objects here */ NAME NVARCHAR(2000),/* the name of the object, null if it hasn't got one */ StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,/*the string representation of the value of the element. */ ValueType VARCHAR(10) NOT null /* the declared type of the value represented as a string in StringValue*/ PRIMARY KEY (element_id) ) create FUNCTION dbo.parseJSON( @JSON NVARCHAR(MAX)) /** Summary: > The code for the JSON Parser/Shredder will run in SQL Server 2005, and even in SQL Server 2000 (with some modifications required). First the function replaces all strings with tokens of the form @Stringxx, where xx is the foreign key of the table variable where the strings are held. This takes them, and their potentially difficult embedded brackets, out of the way. Names are always strings in JSON as well as string values. Then, the routine iteratively finds the next structure that has no structure Contained within it, (and is, by definition the leaf structure), and parses it, replacing it with an object token of the form ‘@Objectxxx‘, or ‘@arrayxxx‘, where xxx is the object id assigned to it. The values, or name/value pairs are retrieved from the string table and stored in the hierarchy table. G radually, the JSON document is eaten until there is just a single root object left. Author: PhilFactor Date: 01/07/2010 Version: Number: 4.6.2 Date: 01/07/2019 Why: case-insensitive version Example: > Select * from parseJSON('{ "Person": { "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Smith", "age": 25, "Address": { "streetAddress":"21 2nd Street", "city":"New York", "state":"NY", "postalCode":"10021" }, "PhoneNumbers": { "home":"212 555-1234", "fax":"646 555-4567" } } } ') Returns: > nothing **/ RETURNS @hierarchy TABLE ( Element_ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL, /* internal surrogate primary key gives the order of parsing and the list order */ SequenceNo [int] NULL, /* the place in the sequence for the element */ Parent_ID INT null, /* if the element has a parent then it is in this column. The document is the ultimate parent, so you can get the structure from recursing from the document */ Object_ID INT null, /* each list or object has an object id. This ties all elements to a parent. Lists are treated as objects here */ Name NVARCHAR(2000) NULL, /* the Name of the object */ StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,/*the string representation of the value of the element. */ ValueType VARCHAR(10) NOT null /* the declared type of the value represented as a string in StringValue*/ ) /* */ AS BEGIN DECLARE @FirstObject INT, --the index of the first open bracket found in the JSON string @OpenDelimiter INT,--the index of the next open bracket found in the JSON string @NextOpenDelimiter INT,--the index of subsequent open bracket found in the JSON string @NextCloseDelimiter INT,--the index of subsequent close bracket found in the JSON string @Type NVARCHAR(10),--whether it denotes an object or an array @NextCloseDelimiterChar CHAR(1),--either a '}' or a ']' @Contents NVARCHAR(MAX), --the unparsed contents of the bracketed expression @Start INT, --index of the start of the token that you are parsing @end INT,--index of the end of the token that you are parsing @param INT,--the parameter at the end of the next Object/Array token @EndOfName INT,--the index of the start of the parameter at end of Object/Array token @token NVARCHAR(200),--either a string or object @value NVARCHAR(MAX), -- the value as a string @SequenceNo int, -- the sequence number within a list @Name NVARCHAR(200), --the Name as a string @Parent_ID INT,--the next parent ID to allocate @lenJSON INT,--the current length of the JSON String @characters NCHAR(36),--used to convert hex to decimal @result BIGINT,--the value of the hex symbol being parsed @index SMALLINT,--used for parsing the hex value @Escape INT --the index of the next escape character DECLARE @Strings TABLE /* in this temporary table we keep all strings, even the Names of the elements, since they are 'escaped' in a different way, and may contain, unescaped, brackets denoting objects or lists. These are replaced in the JSON string by tokens representing the string */ ( String_ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1), StringValue NVARCHAR(MAX) ) SELECT--initialise the characters to convert hex to ascii @characters='0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', @SequenceNo=0, --set the sequence no. to something sensible. /* firstly we process all strings. This is done because [{} and ] aren't escaped in strings, which complicates an iterative parse. */ @Parent_ID=0; WHILE 1=1 --forever until there is nothing more to do BEGIN SELECT @start=PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z]["]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin);--next delimited string IF @start=0 BREAK --no more so drop through the WHILE loop IF SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, 1)='"' BEGIN --Delimited Name SET @start=@Start+1; SET @end=PATINDEX('%[^]["]%', RIGHT(@json, LEN(@json+'|')-@start) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); END IF @end=0 --either the end or no end delimiter to last string BEGIN-- check if ending with a double slash... SET @end=PATINDEX('%[][]["]%', RIGHT(@json, LEN(@json+'|')-@start) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); IF @end=0 --we really have reached the end BEGIN BREAK --assume all tokens found END END SELECT @token=SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, @end-1) --now put in the escaped control characters SELECT @token=REPLACE(@token, FromString, ToString) FROM (SELECT '', CHAR(08) UNION ALL SELECT 'f', CHAR(12) UNION ALL SELECT ' ', CHAR(10) UNION ALL SELECT ' ', CHAR(13) UNION ALL SELECT ' ', CHAR(09) UNION ALL SELECT '"', '"' UNION ALL SELECT '/', '/' ) substitutions(FromString, ToString) SELECT @token=Replace(@token, '\', '') SELECT @result=0, @escape=1 --Begin to take out any hex escape codes WHILE @escape>0 BEGIN SELECT @index=0, --find the next hex escape sequence @escape=PATINDEX('%x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin) IF @escape>0 --if there is one BEGIN WHILE @index<4 --there are always four digits to a x sequence BEGIN SELECT --determine its value @result=@result+POWER(16, @index) *(CHARINDEX(SUBSTRING(@token, @escape+2+3-@index, 1), @characters)-1), @index=@index+1 ; END -- and replace the hex sequence by its unicode value SELECT @token=STUFF(@token, @escape, 6, NCHAR(@result)) END END --now store the string away INSERT INTO @Strings (StringValue) SELECT @token -- and replace the string with a token SELECT @JSON=STUFF(@json, @start, @end+1, '@string'+CONVERT(NCHAR(5), @@identity)) END -- all strings are now removed. Now we find the first leaf. WHILE 1=1 --forever until there is nothing more to do BEGIN SELECT @Parent_ID=@Parent_ID+1 --find the first object or list by looking for the open bracket SELECT @FirstObject=PATINDEX('%[{[[]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--object or array IF @FirstObject = 0 BREAK IF (SUBSTRING(@json, @FirstObject, 1)='{') SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar='}', @type='object' ELSE SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar=']', @type='array' SELECT @OpenDelimiter=@firstObject WHILE 1=1 --find the innermost object or list... BEGIN SELECT @lenJSON=LEN(@JSON+'|')-1 --find the matching close-delimiter proceeding after the open-delimiter SELECT @NextCloseDelimiter=CHARINDEX(@NextCloseDelimiterChar, @json, @OpenDelimiter+1) --is there an intervening open-delimiter of either type SELECT @NextOpenDelimiter=PATINDEX('%[{[[]%', RIGHT(@json, @lenJSON-@OpenDelimiter)collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--object IF @NextOpenDelimiter=0 BREAK SELECT @NextOpenDelimiter=@NextOpenDelimiter+@OpenDelimiter IF @NextCloseDelimiter<@NextOpenDelimiter BREAK IF SUBSTRING(@json, @NextOpenDelimiter, 1)='{' SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar='}', @type='object' ELSE SELECT @NextCloseDelimiterChar=']', @type='array' SELECT @OpenDelimiter=@NextOpenDelimiter END ---and parse out the list or Name/value pairs SELECT @contents=SUBSTRING(@json, @OpenDelimiter+1, @NextCloseDelimiter-@OpenDelimiter-1) SELECT @JSON=STUFF(@json, @OpenDelimiter, @NextCloseDelimiter-@OpenDelimiter+1, '@'+@type+CONVERT(NCHAR(5), @Parent_ID)) WHILE (PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin))<>0 BEGIN IF @Type='object' --it will be a 0-n list containing a string followed by a string, number,boolean, or null BEGIN SELECT @SequenceNo=0,@end=CHARINDEX(':', ' '+@contents)--if there is anything, it will be a string-based Name. SELECT @start=PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z@][@]%', ' '+@contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)--AAAAAAAA SELECT @token=RTrim(Substring(' '+@contents, @start+1, @End-@Start-1)), @endofName=PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin), @param=RIGHT(@token, LEN(@token)-@endofName+1) SELECT @token=LEFT(@token, @endofName-1), @Contents=RIGHT(' '+@contents, LEN(' '+@contents+'|')-@end-1) SELECT @Name=StringValue FROM @strings WHERE string_id=@param --fetch the Name END ELSE SELECT @Name=null,@SequenceNo=@SequenceNo+1 SELECT @end=CHARINDEX(',', @contents)-- a string-token, object-token, list-token, number,boolean, or null IF @end=0 --HR Engineering notation bugfix start IF ISNUMERIC(@contents) = 1 SELECT @end = LEN(@contents) + 1 Else --HR Engineering notation bugfix end SELECT @end=PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e][^A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @contents+' ' collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin) + 1 SELECT @start=PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z0-9@+.e][A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', ' '+@contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin) --select @start,@end, LEN(@contents+'|'), @contents SELECT @Value=RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@contents, @start, @End-@Start)), @Contents=RIGHT(@contents+' ', LEN(@contents+'|')-@end) IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7)='@object' INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5), SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5), 'object' ELSE IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 6)='@array' INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5), SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5), 'array' ELSE IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7)='@string' INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, StringValue, 'string' FROM @strings WHERE string_id=SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5) ELSE IF @value IN ('true', 'false') INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, @value, 'boolean' ELSE IF @value='null' INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, @value, 'null' ELSE IF PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', @value collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)>0 INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, @value, 'real' ELSE INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, ValueType) SELECT @Name, @SequenceNo, @Parent_ID, @value, 'int' if @Contents=' ' Select @SequenceNo=0 END END INSERT INTO @hierarchy (Name, SequenceNo, Parent_ID, StringValue, Object_ID, ValueType) SELECT '-',1, NULL, '', @Parent_ID-1, @type -- RETURN END GO IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.JSONEscaped') IS NOT NULL DROP FUNCTION dbo.JSONEscaped GO CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[JSONEscaped] ( /* this is a simple utility function that takes a SQL String with all its clobber and outputs it as a sting with all the JSON escape sequences in it.*/ @Unescaped NVARCHAR(MAX) --a string with maybe characters that will break json ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX) AS BEGIN SELECT @Unescaped = REPLACE(@Unescaped, FROMString, TOString) FROM (SELECT '' AS FromString, '' AS ToString UNION ALL SELECT '"', '"' UNION ALL SELECT '/', '/' UNION ALL SELECT CHAR(08),'b' UNION ALL SELECT CHAR(12),'f' UNION ALL SELECT CHAR(10),'n' UNION ALL SELECT CHAR(13),'r' UNION ALL SELECT CHAR(09),'t' ) substitutions RETURN @Unescaped END GO CREATE FUNCTION ToJSON ( @Hierarchy Hierarchy READONLY ) /* the function that takes a Hierarchy table and converts it to a JSON string Author: Phil Factor Revision: 1.5 date: 1 May 2014 why: Added a fix to add a name for a list. example: Declare @XMLSample XML Select @XMLSample=' <glossary><title>example glossary</title> <GlossDiv><title>S</title> <GlossList> <GlossEntry id="SGML"" SortAs="SGML"> <GlossTerm>Standard Generalized Markup Language</GlossTerm> <Acronym>SGML</Acronym> <Abbrev>ISO 8879:1986</Abbrev> <GlossDef> <para>A meta-markup language, used to create markup languages such as DocBook.</para> <GlossSeeAlso OtherTerm="GML" /> <GlossSeeAlso OtherTerm="XML" /> </GlossDef> <GlossSee OtherTerm="markup" /> </GlossEntry> </GlossList> </GlossDiv> </glossary>' DECLARE @MyHierarchy Hierarchy -- to pass the hierarchy table around insert into @MyHierarchy select * from dbo.ParseXML(@XMLSample) SELECT dbo.ToJSON(@MyHierarchy) */ RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)--JSON documents are always unicode. AS BEGIN DECLARE @JSON NVARCHAR(MAX), @NewJSON NVARCHAR(MAX), @Where INT, @ANumber INT, @notNumber INT, @indent INT, @ii int, @CrLf CHAR(2)--just a simple utility to save typing! --firstly get the root token into place SELECT @CrLf=CHAR(13)+CHAR(10),--just CHAR(10) in UNIX @JSON = CASE ValueType WHEN 'array' THEN +COALESCE('{'+@CrLf+' "'+NAME+'" : ','')+'[' ELSE '{' END +@CrLf + case when ValueType='array' and NAME is not null then ' ' else '' end + '@Object'+CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),OBJECT_ID) +@CrLf+CASE ValueType WHEN 'array' THEN case when NAME is null then ']' else ' ]'+@CrLf+'}'+@CrLf end ELSE '}' END FROM @Hierarchy WHERE parent_id IS NULL AND valueType IN ('object','document','array') --get the root element /* now we simply iterat from the root token growing each branch and leaf in each iteration. This won't be enormously quick, but it is simple to do. All values, or name/value pairs withing a structure can be created in one SQL Statement*/ Select @ii=1000 WHILE @ii>0 begin SELECT @where= PATINDEX('%[^[a-zA-Z0-9]@Object%',@json)--find NEXT token if @where=0 BREAK /* this is slightly painful. we get the indent of the object we've found by looking backwards up the string */ SET @indent=CHARINDEX(char(10)+char(13),Reverse(LEFT(@json,@where))+char(10)+char(13))-1 SET @NotNumber= PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', RIGHT(@json,LEN(@JSON+'|')-@Where-8)+' ')--find NEXT token SET @NewJSON=NULL --this contains the structure in its JSON form SELECT @NewJSON=COALESCE(@NewJSON+','+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent),'') +case when parent.ValueType='array' then '' else COALESCE('"'+TheRow.NAME+'" : ','') end +CASE TheRow.valuetype WHEN 'array' THEN ' ['+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent+2) +'@Object'+CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),TheRow.[OBJECT_ID])+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent+2)+']' WHEN 'object' then ' {'+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent+2) +'@Object'+CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),TheRow.[OBJECT_ID])+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent+2)+'}' WHEN 'string' THEN '"'+dbo.JSONEscaped(TheRow.StringValue)+'"' ELSE TheRow.StringValue END FROM @Hierarchy TheRow inner join @hierarchy Parent on parent.element_ID=TheRow.parent_ID WHERE TheRow.parent_id= SUBSTRING(@JSON,@where+8, @Notnumber-1) /* basically, we just lookup the structure based on the ID that is appended to the @Object token. Simple eh? */ --now we replace the token with the structure, maybe with more tokens in it. Select @JSON=STUFF (@JSON, @where+1, 8+@NotNumber-1, @NewJSON),@ii=@ii-1 end return @JSON end go IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.ToXML') IS NOT NULL DROP FUNCTION dbo.ToXML GO CREATE FUNCTION ToXML ( /*this function converts a Hierarchy table into an XML document. This uses the same technique as the toJSON function, and uses the 'entities' form of XML syntax to give a compact rendering of the structure */ @Hierarchy Hierarchy READONLY ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)--use unicode. AS BEGIN DECLARE @XMLAsString NVARCHAR(MAX), @NewXML NVARCHAR(MAX), @Entities NVARCHAR(MAX), @Objects NVARCHAR(MAX), @Name NVARCHAR(200), @Where INT, @ANumber INT, @notNumber INT, @indent INT, @CrLf CHAR(2)--just a simple utility to save typing! --firstly get the root token into place --firstly get the root token into place SELECT @CrLf=CHAR(13)+CHAR(10),--just CHAR(10) in UNIX @XMLasString ='<?xml version="1.0" ?> @Object'+CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),OBJECT_ID)+' ' FROM @hierarchy WHERE parent_id IS NULL AND valueType IN ('object','array') --get the root element /* now we simply iterate from the root token growing each branch and leaf in each iteration. This won't be enormously quick, but it is simple to do. All values, or name/value pairs within a structure can be created in one SQL Statement*/ WHILE 1=1 begin SELECT @where= PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9]@Object%',@XMLAsString)--find NEXT token if @where=0 BREAK /* this is slightly painful. we get the indent of the object we've found by looking backwards up the string */ SET @indent=CHARINDEX(char(10)+char(13),Reverse(LEFT(@XMLasString,@where))+char(10)+char(13))-1 SET @NotNumber= PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', RIGHT(@XMLasString,LEN(@XMLAsString+'|')-@Where-8)+' ')--find NEXT token SET @Entities=NULL --this contains the structure in its XML form SELECT @Entities=COALESCE(@Entities+' ',' ')+NAME+'="' +REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(StringValue, '<', '<'), '&', '&'),'>', '>') + '"' FROM @hierarchy WHERE parent_id= SUBSTRING(@XMLasString,@where+8, @Notnumber-1) AND ValueType NOT IN ('array', 'object') SELECT @Entities=COALESCE(@entities,''),@Objects='',@name=CASE WHEN Name='-' THEN 'root' ELSE NAME end FROM @hierarchy WHERE [Object_id]= SUBSTRING(@XMLasString,@where+8, @Notnumber-1) SELECT @Objects=@Objects+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent+2) +'@Object'+CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),OBJECT_ID) --+@CrLf+SPACE(@indent+2)+'' FROM @hierarchy WHERE parent_id= SUBSTRING(@XMLasString,@where+8, @Notnumber-1) AND ValueType IN ('array', 'object') IF @Objects='' --if it is a lef, we can do a more compact rendering SELECT @NewXML='<'+COALESCE(@name,'item')+@entities+' />' ELSE SELECT @NewXML='<'+COALESCE(@name,'item')+@entities+'>' +@Objects+@CrLf++SPACE(@indent)+'</'+COALESCE(@name,'item')+'>' /* basically, we just lookup the structure based on the ID that is appended to the @Object token. Simple eh? */ --now we replace the token with the structure, maybe with more tokens in it. Select @XMLasString=STUFF (@XMLasString, @where+1, 8+@NotNumber-1, @NewXML) end return @XMLasString end
执行例子：
select * from parseJSON('{"menu": { "id": "file", "value": "File", "popup": { "menuitem": [ {"value": "New", "onclick": "CreateNewDoc()"}, {"value": "Open", "onclick": "OpenDoc()"}, {"value": "Close", "onclick": "CloseDoc()"} ] } }}')
执行另一个例子：
DECLARE @MyHierarchy Hierarchy INSERT INTO @myHierarchy select * from parseJSON('{"menu": { "id": "file", "value": "File", "popup": { "menuitem": [ {"value": "New", "onclick": "CreateNewDoc()"}, {"value": "Open", "onclick": "OpenDoc()"}, {"value": "Close", "onclick": "CloseDoc()"} ] } }}') SELECT dbo.ToJSON(@MyHierarchy)
执行另一个例子：
DECLARE @MyHierarchy Hierarchy,@xml XML INSERT INTO @myHierarchy select * from parseJSON('{"menu": { "id": "file", "value": "File", "popup": { "menuitem": [ {"value": "New", "onclick": "CreateNewDoc()"}, {"value": "Open", "onclick": "OpenDoc()"}, {"value": "Close", "onclick": "CloseDoc()"} ] } }}') SELECT dbo.ToXML(@MyHierarchy) SELECT @XML=dbo.ToXML(@MyHierarchy) SELECT @XML
转自：https://www.red-gate.com/simple-talk/sql/t-sql-programming/consuming-json-strings-in-sql-server/