前序遍历:对任一子树,先访问跟,然后遍历其左子树,最后遍历其右子树;
中序遍历:对任一子树,先遍历其左子树,然后访问根,最后遍历其右子树;
后序遍历:对任一子树,先遍历其左子树,然后遍历其右子树,最后访问根。
首先创建节点类,并在里面添加了一个创建树的方法,调用后就可以返回一个包含7个节点的二叉树。
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public class Node {
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// 节点值
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public int value;
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// 左子节点
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public Node left;
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// 右子节点
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public Node right;
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Node(int va) {
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value = va;
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}
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Node(int va, Node le, Node ri) {
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value = va;
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left = le;
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ri = right;
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}
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/**
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* 创建一颗二叉树
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*
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* @return 根节点
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*/
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public static Node createTree() {
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Node root = new Node(0);
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Node node1 = new Node(1);
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Node node2 = new Node(2);
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Node node3 = new Node(3);
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Node node4 = new Node(4);
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Node node5 = new Node(5);
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Node node6 = new Node(6);
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Node node7 = new Node(7);
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root.left = node1;
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root.right = node2;
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node1.left = node3;
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node1.right = node4;
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node2.left = node5;
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node2.right = node6;
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node3.left = node7;
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return root;
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}
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创建遍历类,在该类里实现各种遍历方法。
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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public class Traverse {
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/**
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* 递归前序遍历
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*
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* @param root
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*/
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public void recursiveProOrder(Node root) {
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// 遍历根节点
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if (root != null) {
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System.out.print(root.value);
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}
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// 遍历左子树
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if (root.left != null) {
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recursiveProOrder(root.left);
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}
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// 遍历右子树
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if (root.right != null) {
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recursiveProOrder(root.right);
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}
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}
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/**
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* 前序遍历
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*
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* @param root
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*/
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public void proOrder(Node root) {
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// 使用ArrayList作为堆栈
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ArrayList<Node> stack = new ArrayList<Node>();
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// 栈指针
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int top = -1;
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Node current = root;
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while (true) {
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if (current != null) {
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System.out.print(current.value);
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}
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// 右子节点进栈
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if (current.right != null) {
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stack.add(current.right);
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top++;
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}
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// 左子节点进栈
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if (current.left != null) {
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stack.add(current.left);
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top++;
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}
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// 如果栈内还有节点,栈顶节点出栈
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if (top > -1) {
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current = stack.get(top);
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stack.remove(top--);
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} else {
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* 递归中序遍历
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*
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* @param root
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*/
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public void recursiveInOrder(Node root) {
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if (root != null) {
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if (root.left != null) {
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recursiveInOrder(root.left);
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}
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System.out.print(root.value);
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if (root.right != null) {
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recursiveInOrder(root.right);
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* 中序遍历
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*
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* @param root
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*/
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public void inOrder(Node root) {
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if (root != null) {
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ArrayList<Node> stack = new ArrayList<Node>();
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int top = -1;
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Node current = root;
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while (current != null || top > -1) {
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if (current != null) {
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// 一直深入地寻找左子节点,并将路上的节点都进栈
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stack.add(current);
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top++;
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current = current.left;
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} else {
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// 取出栈顶节点,并继续遍历右子树
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current = stack.get(top);
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stack.remove(top--);
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System.out.print(current.value);
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current = current.right;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* 递归后续遍历
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*
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* @param root
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*/
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public void recursivePostOrder(Node root) {
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if (root != null) {
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if (root.left != null) {
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recursivePostOrder(root.left);
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}
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if (root.right != null) {
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recursivePostOrder(root.right);
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}
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System.out.print(root.value);
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}
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}
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/**
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* 后序遍历:可以被遍历的节点都要进栈出栈两次,所以添加第二个栈用来标示进栈次数
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*
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* @param root
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*/
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public void postOrder(Node root) {
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if (root != null) {
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// 用来保存节点的栈
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ArrayList<Node> stack = new ArrayList<Node>();
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// 用来保存标志位的栈
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ArrayList<Integer> stack2 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
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// 两个栈共用的栈指针
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int top = -1;
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int tag;
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Node current = root;
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do {
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//将所有左子节点进栈
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while (current != null) {
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stack.add(current);
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stack2.add(0);
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top++;
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current = current.left;
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}
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//取出栈顶节点,并判断其标志位
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current = stack.get(top);
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tag = stack2.get(top);
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stack2.remove(top);
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if (tag == 0) {
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// tag为0,表明该节点第一次进栈,还需要进栈一次,同时修改标志位
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current = current.right;
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stack2.add(1);
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} else {
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// tag不位0,表明非首次进栈,可以遍历了。
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stack.remove(top);
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top--;
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System.out.print(current.value);
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current = null;
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}
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} while (current != null || top != -1);
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}
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}
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public class Algorithm {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Node root=Node.createTree();
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System.out.print("前序遍历:
");
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new Traverse().proOrder(root);
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System.out.println();
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System.out.print("前序递归遍历:
");
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new Traverse().recursiveProOrder(root);
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System.out.println();
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System.out.print("中序遍历:
");
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new Traverse().inOrder(root);
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System.out.println();
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System.out.print("中序递归遍历:
");
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new Traverse().recursiveInOrder(root);
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System.out.println();
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System.out.print("后序遍历:
");
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new Traverse().postOrder(root);
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System.out.println();
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System.out.print("后序递归遍历:
");
- new Traverse().recursivePostOrder(root);
- }
输出结果:
前序遍历: 01374256
前序递归遍历: 01374256
中序遍历: 73140526
中序递归遍历: 73140526
后序遍历: 73415620
后序递归遍历: 73415620