最近搞一个系统时由于在比较关键地方用到反射了,所以要关注了一下反射的性能问题。搜索一下,不难搜到老赵的这篇文章,下面是一些杂乱的笔记。(建议先看老赵的文章)
.Net4.0反射性能改善
看老赵的文章,老赵得到的结果是这样的:
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00:00:00.0125539
(Directly invoke) 00:00:04.5349626
(Reflection invoke) 00:00:00.0322555
(Dynamic executor) |
而我把代码搞下来自己运行得到这样的结果:
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00:00:00.0009710
(Directly invoke) 00:00:00.4142893
(Reflection invoke) 00:00:00.0194501
(Dynamic executor) |
这里不是说机器性能造成绝对的时间,而是差距比例完全不一样,想了一阵想起了老赵当时应该是基于.Net3.5,果断把程序的目标框架切换到.Net3.5,结果如下:
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00:00:00.0018801
(Directly invoke) 00:00:02.4288876
(Reflection invoke) 00:00:00.0141537
(Dynamic executor) |
改善老赵的DynamicMethodExecutor
老赵的那篇的文章的思路是使用DynamicMethodExecutor来构造一个万能的委托Func<object, object[], object>其中第一个参数是实例对象,第二是参数列表,第三是返回值。.Net4.0的表达式树要比3.5的先进一点,经过一番改造发现是不需要这么一个万能委托的,直接用Expression.Lambda.Compile()编译出来的Delegate强制转换为强类型的委托来得更加简单。全部代码一个方法即可,精简了许多。
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///
<summary> ///
动态构造委托 ///
</summary> ///
<param name="methodInfo">方法元数据</param> ///
<returns>委托</returns> public static Delegate
BuildDynamicDelegate(MethodInfo methodInfo) { if (methodInfo
== null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( "methodInfo" ); var paramExpressions
= methodInfo.GetParameters().Select((p, i) => { var name
= "param" +
(i + 1).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); return Expression.Parameter(p.ParameterType,
name); }).ToList(); MethodCallExpression
callExpression; if (methodInfo.IsStatic) { //Call(params....) callExpression
= Expression.Call(methodInfo, paramExpressions); } else { var instanceExpression
= Expression.Parameter(methodInfo.ReflectedType, "instance" ); //insatnce.Call(params….) callExpression
= Expression.Call(instanceExpression, methodInfo, paramExpressions); paramExpressions.Insert(0,
instanceExpression); } var lambdaExpression
= Expression.Lambda(callExpression, paramExpressions); return lambdaExpression.Compile(); } |
使用时转换为强类型的委托即可:
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var action
= (Action<TInstance, T1, T2>)BuildDynamicDelegate(methodInfo); var func
= (Func<TInstance, T1, T2, TReturn>)BuildDynamicDelegate(methodInfo); |
老赵那个委托都是object,使用时的类型转换,还有装箱,拆箱都会有一定的性能损失,而强类型就没有这个问题。
首先在老赵的那篇文章上一个方法改为两个方法,然后测试:
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public void Call1( object o1,
object o2,
object o3)
{ } public void Call2( int o1,
int o2,
int o3)
{ } |
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private static void DynamicExecutor_ObjectType() { var executor
= new DynamicMethodExecutor(Call1MethodInfo); var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { executor.Execute(ProgramInstance,
ObjectParameters); } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Dynamic executor(object))(JeffreyZhao)" ); } private static void DynamicExecutor_IntType() { var executor
= new DynamicMethodExecutor(Call2MethodInfo); var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { executor.Execute(ProgramInstance,
IntParameters); } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Dynamic executor(int))(JeffreyZhao)" ); } private static void DynamicExecutor_StrongObject() { var action
= DynamicMethodBuilder.BuildAction<Program, object ,
object ,
object >(Call1MethodInfo); var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { action(ProgramInstance,
ObjectParameters[0], ObjectParameters[1], ObjectParameters[2]); } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Dynamic executor(object))(zhangweiwen)" ); } private static void DynamicExecutor_StrongInt() { var action
= DynamicMethodBuilder.BuildAction<Program, int ,
int ,
int >(Call2MethodInfo); var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { action(ProgramInstance,
IntParameters1[0], IntParameters1[1], IntParameters1[2]); } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Dynamic executor(int))(zhangweiwen)" ); } |
结果:
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00:00:00.0188422
(Dynamic executor( object ))(JeffreyZhao) 00:00:00.0210869
(Dynamic executor( int ))(JeffreyZhao) 00:00:00.0142841
(Dynamic executor( object ))(zhangweiwen) 00:00:00.0147589
(Dynamic executor( int ))(zhangweiwen) |
差距不大,但是还是有一定得改善,特别参数是int的方法,用了强类型后性能比较稳定,不会出现偏差。
构建委托动态赋值
既然有动态调用方法,同样也可以动态赋值,而且据我的经验,根据PropertyInfo的SetValue去反射设属性值用得比反射调用方法更加频繁。所以同样需要有方法来动态构建委托改善性能。
幸好,.Net4.0提供了支持,.Net4.0新增了Expression.Assign来表示一个赋值表达式。有了它,构建起来比方法的更加简单:
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private static Action<TInstance,
TProperty> BuildSetPropertyAction<TInstance, TProperty>(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) { var instanceParam
= Expression.Parameter( typeof (TInstance),
"instance" ); var valueParam
= Expression.Parameter( typeof (TProperty),
"value" ); //instance.Property var propertyProperty
= Expression.Property(instanceParam, propertyInfo); //instance.Property
= value var assignExpression
= Expression.Assign(propertyProperty, valueParam); var lambdaExpression
= Expression.Lambda<Action<TInstance, TProperty>>(assignExpression, instanceParam, valueParam); return lambdaExpression.Compile(); } |
直接返回了强类型的委托,所以使用起来更加简单:
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var action
= BuildSetPropertyAction<Program, object >(ObjectPropertyInfo); action(ProgramInstance,
ObjectValue); |
来测试一下性能:
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private static void DirectlySetValueType() { var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { ProgramInstance.IntProperty
= IntValue; } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Directly Set IntProperty)" ); } private static void ReflectionSetValueType() { var watch2
= new Stopwatch(); watch2.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { IntPropertyInfo.SetValue(ProgramInstance,
IntValue, null ); } watch2.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch2.Elapsed
+ "
(Reflection Set IntProperty)" ); } private static void DynamicSetValueType() { var action
= BuildSetPropertyAction<Program, int >(IntPropertyInfo); var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { action(ProgramInstance,
IntValue); } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Dynamic Set IntProperty)" ); } private static void DirectlySetReferenceType() { var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { ProgramInstance.ObjectProperty
= ObjectValue; } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Directly Set ObjectProperty)" ); } private static void ReflectionSetReferenceType() { var watch2
= new Stopwatch(); watch2.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { ObjectPropertyInfo.SetValue(ProgramInstance,
ObjectValue, null ); } watch2.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch2.Elapsed
+ "
(Reflection Set ObjectProperty)" ); } private static void DynamicSetReferenceType() { var action
= BuildSetPropertyAction<Program, object >(ObjectPropertyInfo); //action(ProgramInstance,
ObjectValue); var watch1
= new Stopwatch(); watch1.Start(); for ( var i
= 0; i < Times; i++) { action(ProgramInstance,
ObjectValue); } watch1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch1.Elapsed
+ "
(Dynamic Set ObjectProperty)" ); } |
结果如下:
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Test
Set Value: 00:00:00.0003237
(Directly Set IntProperty) 00:00:00.3160570
(Reflection Set IntProperty) 00:00:00.0132668
(Dynamic Set IntProperty) ----- 00:00:00.0028183
(Directly Set ObjectProperty) 00:00:00.2937783
(Reflection Set ObjectProperty) 00:00:00.0150118
(Dynamic Set ObjectProperty) |
虽然跟直接赋值不能比,但比反射快大概30倍。
全部代码
希望对大家有帮助
The End。
===重要更新===
我把上面的方法用在项目中才发现陷入了一个悖论。就是往往需要使用反射的上下文中是没有实例类型的,而有了实例类型的上下文中有往往不需要反射。所以构建表达式树是需要去掉实例的类型参数,在表达式树中做类型转换,这样会有一点点的性能损失,但同时又带来一个好处,使用时类型参数少了一个,写起来方便了一点。两个主要代码如下:
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///
<summary> ///
动态构造委托 ///
</summary> ///
<param name="methodInfo">方法元数据</param> ///
<returns>委托</returns> public static Delegate
BuildDynamicDelegate(MethodInfo methodInfo) { if (methodInfo
== null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( "methodInfo" ); var paramExpressions
= methodInfo.GetParameters().Select((p, i) => { var name
= "param" +
(i + 1).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); return Expression.Parameter(p.ParameterType,
name); }).ToList(); MethodCallExpression
callExpression; if (methodInfo.IsStatic) { //Call(params....) callExpression
= Expression.Call(methodInfo, paramExpressions); } else { var instanceExpression
= Expression.Parameter( typeof ( object ),
"instance" ); //((T)instance) var castExpression
= Expression.Convert(instanceExpression, methodInfo.ReflectedType); //((T)instance).Call(params) callExpression
= Expression.Call(castExpression, methodInfo, paramExpressions); paramExpressions.Insert(0,
instanceExpression); } var lambdaExpression
= Expression.Lambda(callExpression, paramExpressions); return lambdaExpression.Compile(); } //使用 public static Action< object >
BuildAction(MethodInfo methodInfo) { return (Action< object >)BuildDynamicDelegate(methodInfo); } public static Action< object ,
T1> BuildAction<T1>(MethodInfo methodInfo) { return (Action< object ,
T1>)BuildDynamicDelegate(methodInfo); } |
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///
<summary> ///
动态构造赋值委托 ///
</summary> ///
<typeparam name="TProperty">属性类型</typeparam> ///
<param name="propertyInfo">属性元数据</param> ///
<returns>强类型委托</returns> public static Action< object ,
TProperty> BuildSetPropertyAction<TProperty>(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) { var instanceParam
= Expression.Parameter( typeof ( object ),
"instance" ); var valueParam
= Expression.Parameter( typeof (TProperty),
"value" ); //((T)instance) var castExpression
= Expression.Convert(instanceParam, propertyInfo.ReflectedType); //((T)instance).Property var propertyProperty
= Expression.Property(castExpression, propertyInfo); //((T)instance).Property
= value var assignExpression
= Expression.Assign(propertyProperty, valueParam); var lambdaExpression
= Expression.Lambda<Action< object ,
TProperty>>(assignExpression, instanceParam, valueParam); return lambdaExpression.Compile(); } //使用 var action
= BuildSetPropertyAction< int >(IntPropertyInfo); action(ProgramInstance,
IntValue);
|