Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called "Ring Buffer".
One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.
Your implementation should support following operations:
MyCircularQueue(k)
: Constructor, set the size of the queue to be k.Front
: Get the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.Rear
: Get the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.enQueue(value)
: Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.deQueue()
: Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.isEmpty()
: Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.isFull()
: Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.
Example:
MyCircularQueue circularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3); // set the size to be 3 circularQueue.enQueue(1); // return true circularQueue.enQueue(2); // return true circularQueue.enQueue(3); // return true circularQueue.enQueue(4); // return false, the queue is full circularQueue.Rear(); // return 3 circularQueue.isFull(); // return true circularQueue.deQueue(); // return true circularQueue.enQueue(4); // return true circularQueue.Rear(); // return 4
Note:
- All values will be in the range of [0, 1000].
- The number of operations will be in the range of [1, 1000].
- Please do not use the built-in Queue library.
设计循环队列。
设计你的循环队列实现。 循环队列是一种线性数据结构,其操作表现基于 FIFO(先进先出)原则并且队尾被连接在队首之后以形成一个循环。它也被称为“环形缓冲器”。
循环队列的一个好处是我们可以利用这个队列之前用过的空间。在一个普通队列里,一旦一个队列满了,我们就不能插入下一个元素,即使在队列前面仍有空间。但是使用循环队列,我们能使用这些空间去存储新的值。
你的实现应该支持如下操作:
MyCircularQueue(k): 构造器,设置队列长度为 k 。
Front: 从队首获取元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
Rear: 获取队尾元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
enQueue(value): 向循环队列插入一个元素。如果成功插入则返回真。
deQueue(): 从循环队列中删除一个元素。如果成功删除则返回真。
isEmpty(): 检查循环队列是否为空。
isFull(): 检查循环队列是否已满。来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/design-circular-queue
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思路还是比较直观的,既然是环形队列,说明一定是只能使用固定大小的内存。为了达到这个题的练习目的,这道题我用数组实现。创建一个长度为 K 的数组,同时创建几个变量,front, rear是数组前后的两个指针,代表enque和deque的位置,len 记录数组目前的长度。
时间O(n)
空间O(n)
Java实现
1 class MyCircularQueue { 2 final int[] a; 3 int front = 0; 4 int rear = -1; 5 int len = 0; 6 7 public MyCircularQueue(int k) { 8 a = new int[k]; 9 } 10 11 public boolean enQueue(int val) { 12 if (!isFull()) { 13 rear = (rear + 1) % a.length; 14 a[rear] = val; 15 len++; 16 return true; 17 } else 18 return false; 19 } 20 21 public boolean deQueue() { 22 if (!isEmpty()) { 23 front = (front + 1) % a.length; 24 len--; 25 return true; 26 } else 27 return false; 28 } 29 30 public int Front() { 31 return isEmpty() ? -1 : a[front]; 32 } 33 34 public int Rear() { 35 return isEmpty() ? -1 : a[rear]; 36 } 37 38 public boolean isEmpty() { 39 return len == 0; 40 } 41 42 public boolean isFull() { 43 return len == a.length; 44 } 45 }