Given a linked list, reverse the nodes of a linked list k at a time and return its modified list.
k is a positive integer and is less than or equal to the length of the linked list. If the number of nodes is not a multiple of k then left-out nodes, in the end, should remain as it is.
Follow up:
- Could you solve the problem in
O(1)
extra memory space? - You may not alter the values in the list's nodes, only nodes itself may be changed.
Example 1:
Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5], k = 2 Output: [2,1,4,3,5]
Example 2:
Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5], k = 3 Output: [3,2,1,4,5]
Example 3:
Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5], k = 1 Output: [1,2,3,4,5]
Example 4:
Input: head = [1], k = 1 Output: [1]
Constraints:
- The number of nodes in the list is in the range
sz
. 1 <= sz <= 5000
0 <= Node.val <= 1000
1 <= k <= sz
每k个一组翻转链表。题意是请将input中每K个node进行翻转。递归的思路是用cur指针遍历input,然后用count记录遍历的node个数。因为cur是从head开始的,所以当count == K的时候,cur已经到了第K + 1个node的地方了。此时用递归调用,反转K个node。若不足K个的时候,不会进行翻转。
时间O(n)
空间O(n)
JavaScript实现
1 /** 2 * @param {ListNode} head 3 * @param {number} k 4 * @return {ListNode} 5 */ 6 var reverseKGroup = function(head, k) { 7 // corner case 8 if (head === null || head.next === null) { 9 return head; 10 } 11 12 // normal case 13 let count = 0; 14 let cur = head; 15 while (cur !== null && count != k) { 16 cur = cur.next; 17 count++; 18 } 19 if (count === k) { 20 cur = reverseKGroup(cur, k); 21 while (count-- > 0) { 22 let next = head.next; 23 head.next = cur; 24 cur = head; 25 head = next; 26 } 27 head = cur; 28 } 29 return head; 30 };
迭代的思路是设置两个pointer,start和end,卡住需要翻转的部分,同时需要记录一个pre和一个nextStart这样翻转完了之后不至于丢失前后的node。一个很好的图示,帮助理解。思路如下,
步骤分解:
- 链表分区为已翻转部分+待翻转部分+未翻转部分
- 每次翻转前,要确定翻转链表的范围,这个必须通过 k 此循环来确定
- 需记录翻转链表前驱和后继,方便翻转完成后把已翻转部分和未翻转部分连接起来
- 初始需要两个变量 pre 和 end,pre 代表待翻转链表的前驱,end 代表待翻转链表的末尾
- 经过k此循环,end 到达末尾,记录待翻转链表的后继 next = end.next
- 翻转链表,然后将三部分链表连接起来,然后重置 pre 和 end 指针,然后进入下一次循环
- 特殊情况,当翻转部分长度不足 k 时,在定位 end 完成后,end==null,已经到达末尾,说明题目已完成,直接返回即可
- 时间复杂度为 O(n*K)O(n∗K) 最好的情况为 O(n) 最差的情况为 O(n^2)
- 空间复杂度为 O(1) 除了几个必须的节点指针外,我们并没有占用其他空间
作者:reals
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/solution/tu-jie-kge-yi-zu-fan-zhuan-lian-biao-by-user7208t/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
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时间O(n)
空间O(1) - 题目要求不使用额外空间
Java实现
1 class Solution { 2 public ListNode reverseKGroup(ListNode head, int k) { 3 ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0); 4 dummy.next = head; 5 ListNode pre = dummy; 6 ListNode end = dummy; 7 while (end != null) { 8 for (int i = 0; i < k && end != null; i++) { 9 end = end.next; 10 } 11 if (end == null) { 12 break; 13 } 14 ListNode nextStart = end.next; 15 ListNode start = pre.next; 16 end.next = null; 17 pre.next = reverse(start); 18 // 保持下次循环一致的位置 19 start.next = nextStart; 20 pre = start; 21 end = pre; 22 } 23 return dummy.next; 24 } 25 26 private ListNode reverse(ListNode head) { 27 ListNode pre = null; 28 ListNode cur = head; 29 while (cur != null) { 30 ListNode next = cur.next; 31 cur.next = pre; 32 pre = cur; 33 cur = next; 34 } 35 return pre; 36 } 37 }