• [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(七)数据库常用对象之Cursor


    本系列链接导航:

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(一)表空间、用户

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(二)数据库的连接

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(三)导入、导出

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(四)SQL语句之DML和DDL

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(五)数据库常用对象之Table、View

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(六)数据库常用对象之Procedure、function、Sequence

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(七)数据库常用对象之Cursor

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(八)常见Exception 

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(九)数据库常用对象之package

    [独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(十)%type与%rowtype及常用函数

    5.6、cursor操作

      游标的使用场景大致有:

        a) 显示游标:function或procedure中,用于获取某些值进行遍历操作

        b) 动态游标:procedure中,用于返回查询结果

    5.6.1、显示游标:在代码段、function、procdeure中创建cursor,用于取值

    • 隐式游标
     1 declare 
     2     cursor myCursor is
     3         select name from person;
     4   vNames varchar2(128);
     5 begin 
     6   --遍历游标
     7   for c in myCursor loop --隐式打开、关闭游标
     8     vNames:=vNames||','||c; -- 可以包含复杂逻辑
     9   end loop;    
    10 end;    
    • 显示游标
     1 declare 
     2   cursor myCursor is    --定义游标
     3     select * from person;
     4   my_c myCursor%rowtype    --定义游标变量
     5 begin 
     6   open myCursor;
     7   loop
     8     fetch myCursor into my_c;
     9     exit when c%notfound;
    10     /*code here*/ --编写复杂逻辑
    11   end loop;
    12 
    13   Exception 
    14     when others then 
    15       close myCursor;
    16 
    17 
    18   if myCursor%isopen then
    19     close myCursor;
    20 end;

      上面写的两个列子比较简单,下面是网上摘抄显示游标例子,很详细:

      对于显式游标的运用分为四个步骤:

    • 定义游标---Cursor [Cursor Name] IS;
    • 打开游标---Open [Cursor Name];
    • 操作数据---Fetch [Cursor name]
    • 关闭游标---Close [Cursor Name],这个Step绝对不可以遗漏。

      以下是三种常见显式Cursor用法。
    1)Set serveroutput on;

     1 declare 
     2   ---define Cursor 
     3   Cursor cur_policy is 
     4     select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,cm.bank_account 
     5         from t_contract_master cm 
     6         where cm.liability_state = 2 
     7             and cm.policy_type = 1 
     8             and cm.policy_cate in ('2','3','4') 
     9             and rownum < 5 
    10         order by cm.policy_code desc; 
    11   curPolicyInfo cur_policy%rowtype;---定义游标变量 
    12 Begin 
    13   open cur_policy; ---open cursor 
    14   Loop 
    15     --deal with extraction data from DB 
    16     Fetch cur_policy into curPolicyInfo; 
    17     Exit when cur_policy%notfound; 
    18 
    19     Dbms_Output.put_line(curPolicyInfo.policy_code); 
    20   end loop; 
    21   Exception 
    22     when others then 
    23       close cur_policy; 
    24     Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm); 
    25 
    26   if cur_policy%isopen then 
    27     --close cursor 
    28     close cur_policy; 
    29   end if; 
    30 end; 
    31 
    32 /

    2) Set serveroutput on; 

     1 declare 
     2   Cursor cur_policy is 
     3     select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,cm.bank_account 
     4       from t_contract_master cm 
     5       where cm.liability_state = 2 
     6         and cm.policy_type = 1 
     7         and cm.policy_cate in ('2','3','4') 
     8         and rownum < 5 
     9       order by cm.policy_code desc; 
    10   v_policyCode t_contract_master.policy_code%type; 
    11   v_applicantId t_contract_master.applicant_id%type; 
    12   v_periodPrem t_contract_master.period_prem%type; 
    13   v_bankCode t_contract_master.bank_code%type; 
    14   v_bankAccount t_contract_master.bank_account%type; 
    15 Begin 
    16   open cur_policy; 
    17   Loop 
    18     Fetch cur_policy into v_policyCode, 
    19                 v_applicantId, 
    20                 v_periodPrem, 
    21                 v_bankCode, 
    22                 v_bankAccount; 
    23     Exit when cur_policy%notfound; 
    24 
    25     Dbms_Output.put_line(v_policyCode); 
    26   end loop; 
    27   Exception 
    28    when others then 
    29       close cur_policy; 
    30     Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm); 
    31 
    32   if cur_policy%isopen then 
    33     close cur_policy; 
    34   end if; 
    35 end; 
    36 /

    3)Set serveroutput on; 

     1 declare 
     2   Cursor cur_policy is 
     3     select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,cm.bank_account 
     4         from t_contract_master cm 
     5         where cm.liability_state = 2 
     6           and cm.policy_type = 1 
     7           and cm.policy_cate in ('2','3','4') 
     8           and rownum < 5 
     9         order by cm.policy_code desc; 
    10 Begin 
    11   For rec_Policy in cur_policy loop 
    12     Dbms_Output.put_line(rec_policy.policy_code); 
    13   end loop; 
    14   Exception 
    15     when others then 
    16     Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm); 
    17 
    18 end; 
    19 
    20 / 

    5.6.2、动态游标:在procdeure中使用cursor,用于返回查询结果

      与隐式Cursor,显式Cursor的区别:

    • Ref Cursor是可以通过在运行期间传递参数来获取数据结果集。
    • 而另外两种Cursor(隐式游标和显示游标),是静态的,在编译期间就决定数据结果集。

    5.6.2.1、定义动态游标

     1 Declare
     2   ---define cursor type name 
     3   type cur_type is ref cursor; 
     4   cur_policy cur_type; 
     5   sqlStr varchar2(500); 
     6   rec_policy t_contract_master%rowtype; 
     7 begin 
     8   ---define 动态Sql 
     9   sqlStr := 'select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,
                  cm.bank_account from t_contract_master cm
    10           where cm.liability_state = 2 11               and cm.policy_type = 1 12               and cm.policy_cate in (2,3,4) 13               and rownum < 5 14             order by cm.policy_code desc '; 15   ---Open Cursor 16   open cur_policy for sqlStr; 17   loop 18     fetch cur_policy into rec_policy.policy_code, rec_policy.applicant_id, rec_policy.period_prem,
                      rec_policy.bank_code,rec_policy.bank_account;
    19     exit when cur_policy%notfound; 20 21     Dbms_Output.put_line('Policy_code:'||rec_policy.policy_code); 22 23   end loop; 24 close cur_policy; 25 26 end; 27 /

    另外,在定义package时,可以在包头中定义动态游标类型,在包体中使用,如在procedure中用于定义返回参数类型。详见package的操作。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cloud915/p/4340733.html
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