• mysql主从


    1. 主从简介

    1.1 主从作用及条件

    作用:

    • 实时灾备,用于故障切换
    • 读写分离,提供查询服务
    • 备份,避免影响业务

    主从部署必要条件:

    • 主库开启binlog日志(设置log-bin参数)
    • 主从server-id不同
    • 从库服务器能连通主库

    1.2 主从形式

    image

    • 一主一从
    • 主主复制
    • 一主多从---扩展系统读取的性能,因为读是在从库读取的
    • 多主一从---5.7开始支持
    • 联级复制

    2. 主从复制原理

    image

    1.从库的IO线程向主库的主进程发送请求,主库验证从库,交给主库IO线程负责数据传输;

    2.主库IO线程对比从库发送过来的master.info里的信息,将binlog文件信息,偏移量和binlog文件名等发送给从库

    3.从库接收到信息后,将binlog信息保存到relay-bin中,同时更新master.info的偏移量和binlog文件名

    4.从库的SQL线程不断的读取relay-bin的信息,同时将读到的偏移量和文件名写道relay-log.info文件,binlog信息写进自己的数据库,一次同步操作完成。

    5.完成上次同步后,从库IO线程不断的向主库IO线程要binlog信息

    6.从库如果也要做主库,也要打开log_bin 和log-slave-update参数

    3. 主从复制配置

    主从复制配置步骤:

    • 确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样
    • 在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
    • 配置主数据库(修改配置文件)
    • 配置从数据库(修改配置文件)

    需求:

    搭建两台MySQL服务器,一台作为主服务器,一台作为从服务器,主服务器进行写操作,从服务器进行读操作

    环境说明:

    数据库角色 IP 应用与系统版本 有无数据
    主数据库 192.168.163.128 centos7/redhat7 mysql-5.7 有数据
    从数据库 192.168.163.130 centos7/redhat7 mysql-5.7 与主库数据相同
    从数据库 192.168.163.129 centos7/redhat7 mysql-5.7 无数据

    3.1mysql主从配置

    为确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样,先全备主数据库并还原到从数据库中

    3.2 mysql主从配置

    3.2.1 确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样

    //先查看主库有哪些库
    
    [root@cl ~]# mysql -uroot -pcl
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | chen               |
    | cljhfy             |
    | liang              |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    //再查看从库有哪些库
    
    [root@cl130 ~]# mysql -uroot -pcljhfy
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | chen               |
    | cljhfy             |
    | liang              |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    

    3.2.2 在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用

    mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'172.16.12.129' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'172.16.12.129';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    
    

    3.2.3 配置主数据库

    [root@cl ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    //在[mysqld]这段的后面加上如下内容
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    log-bin=mysql-bin   //启用binlog日志
    server-id=1     //数据库服务器唯一标识符,主库的server-id值必须比从库的小
    
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 
    
    
    //重启mysql服务
    [root@cl ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
    [root@cl ~]# ss -antl
    State       Recv-Q Send-Q      Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port
    LISTEN      0      128                     *:22                                  *:*
    LISTEN      0      100             127.0.0.1:25                                  *:*
    LISTEN      0      128                    :::22                                 :::*
    LISTEN      0      100                   ::1:25                                 :::*
    LISTEN      0      80                     :::3306                               :::* 
    
    
    //查看主库的状态
    mysql> show master status;
    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | mysql-bin.000001 |      989 |              |                  |                   |
    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)
    
    

    3.2.4 配置从数据库

    [root@cl130 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    //添加如下内容
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    server-id=2     //设置从库的唯一标识符,从库的server-id值必须小于主库的该值
    relay-log=mysql-relay-bin       //启用中继日志relay-log
    
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    
    //重启从库的mysql服务
    [root@cl130 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
    [root@cl130 ~]# ss -antl
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q           Local Address:Port                          Peer Address:Port
    LISTEN     0      128                          *:22                                       *:*
    LISTEN     0      100                  127.0.0.1:25                                       *:*
    LISTEN     0      128                         :::22                                      :::*
    LISTEN     0      100                        ::1:25                                      :::*
    LISTEN     0      80                          :::3306                                    :::*
    
    
    
    
    //配置并启动主从复制
    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
        -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.163.128',
        -> MASTER_USER='repl',
        -> MASTER_PASSWORD='repl123',
        -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
        -> MASTER_LOG_POS=989;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.33 sec)
    
    mysql> start slave;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    
    //查看从服务器状态
    mysql> show slave status G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: 172.16.12.128
                      Master_User: repl
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 320
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes      //此处必须为Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes      //此处必须为Yes
                  Replicate_Do_DB:
              Replicate_Ignore_DB:  
    
    

    3.2.5 测试验证

    在主服务器的student库的name表中插入数据:

    //主库
    mysql> 
    mysql> use chen;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    mysql> select * from name;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> insert name values('tom',35),('jerry',33);
    Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
    
    mysql> select * from name;
    +-------+------+
    | name  | age  |
    +-------+------+
    | tom   |   35 |
    | jerry |   33 |
    +-------+------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> 
    

    在从数据库中查看数据是否同步:

    //从库
    
    [root@cl130 ~]# mysql -uroot -pcljhfy
    
    mysql> use chen;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    mysql> select * from name;
    +-------+------+
    | name  | age  |
    +-------+------+
    | tom   |   35 |
    | jerry |   33 |
    +-------+------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    

    3.3.6 拓展--从库与主库数据不同时

    //全备主库
    //全备主库时需要另开一个终端,给数据库加上读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致
    mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    //此锁表的终端必须在主从配置完成以后才能退出
    
    //备份主库并将备份文件传送到从库
    [root@cl ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pcl --all-databases > /opt/all-201905151700.sql
    mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    [root@cl ~]# ls /opt/
    all-201905151700.sql
    [root@cl ~]# scp /opt/all-201905151700.sql root@192.168.163.129:/opt/
    root@192.168.163.129's password:
    all-201905151700.sql                              100%  786KB  10.6MB/s   00:00 
    
    //在从库上恢复主库的备份并查看从库有哪些库,确保与主库一致
    [root@cl129 ~]# mysql -uroot -pcljhfy! < /opt/all-201905151700.sql
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    [root@cl129 ~]# mysql -uroot -pcljhfy! -e 'show databases;'
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | chen               |
    | cljhfy             |
    | liang              |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    
    //进行上面3.2.1---->3.2.5 的操作,然后验证是否同步
    
    //验证:在主库的name表添加数据
    
    mysql> insert name values('kele',35),('lisi',33);
    Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
    
    mysql> select * from name;
    +-------+------+
    | name  | age  |
    +-------+------+
    | tom   |   35 |
    | jerry |   33 |
    | kele  |   35 |
    | lisi  |   33 |
    +-------+------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    //在从库上验证
    
    [root@cl129 ~]# mysql -uroot -pcljhfy -e 'select * from chen.name;'
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    +-------+------+
    | name  | age  |
    +-------+------+
    | tom   |   35 |
    | jerry |   33 |
    | kele  |   35 |
    | lisi  |   33 |
    +-------+------+
    
    
    
    //最后解除主库的锁表状态,直接退出交互式界面即可
    mysql> quit
    Bye
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cljhfy/p/10870527.html
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