在平时工作中,有时候需要SSH登陆到别的Linux主机上去,但有时候SSH登陆会被禁止,并弹出如下类似提示:
WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is36:68:a6:e6:43:34:6b:82:d7:f4:df:1f:c2:e7:37:cc.Please contact your system administrator.Add correct host key in /u/xlian008/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.Offending key in /u/xlian008/.ssh/known_hosts:2RSA host key for 135.1.35.130 has changed and you have requested strict checking.Host key verification failed.
比较奇怪,于是研究了一下。
ssh会把你每个你访问过计算机的公钥(public key)都记录在~/.ssh/known_hosts。当下次访问相同计算机时,OpenSSH会核对公钥。如果公钥不同,OpenSSH会发出警告, 避免你受到DNS Hijack之类的攻击。我在上面列出的情况,就是这种情况。
原因:一台主机上有多个Linux系统,会经常切换,那么这些系统使用同一ip,登录过一次后就会把ssh信息记录在本地的~/.ssh/known_hsots文件中,切换该系统后再用ssh访问这台主机就会出现冲突警告,需要手动删除修改known_hsots里面的内容。
有以下两个解决方案:
1. 手动删除修改known_hsots里面的内容;
2. 修改配置文件“~/.ssh/config”,加上这两行,重启服务器。
StrictHostKeyChecking no
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
优缺点:
1. 需要每次手动删除文件内容,一些自动化脚本的无法运行(在SSH登陆时失败),但是安全性高;
2. SSH登陆时会忽略known_hsots的访问,但是安全性低。