1. 定义函数
def 函数名(形参):
函数体
return xxx--------其下面的内容不再执行
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2.执行函数
函数名(实参)
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3.形参,实参(默认按照顺序)
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4.执行形参传入实参,可不按照顺序
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5.函数可以有默认参数
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6.动态参数
#动态参数一,类型为元祖,传的参数为元祖的元素
def f1(*a):
print (a,type(a))
f1(123,234,[456123789],{1:2})
#动态参数二,类型为字典,传入的参数为字典的键值对
def f1(**a):
print (a,type(a))
f1(k1=123,k2=456)
#万能动态参数-------一*较**在前
def f1(*a,**p):
print (a,type(a),type(p))
f1(123,234,[456123789],{1:2},k1=123,k2=456)
---------------------
((123, 234, [456123789], {1: 2}), <type 'tuple'>)
({'k2': 456, 'k1': 123}, <type 'dict'>)
((123, 234, [456123789], {1: 2}), <type 'tuple'>, <type 'dict'>)
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7.为动态参数传入字典,列表
def f1(*args):
print (args,type(args))
l1=[11,22,33,44]
f1(l1)
f1(*l1)
------------------------
(([11, 22, 33, 44],), <type 'tuple'>)
((11, 22, 33, 44), <type 'tuple'>)
------------------------
def f2(**args):
print (args,type(args))
l1={"k1":"123"}
f2(l1=l1)
f2(**l1)
-------------------------
({'l1': {'k1': '123'}}, <type 'dict'>)
({'k1': '123'}, <type 'dict'>)
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8.全局变量,局部变量
P="chushujin"
def func1():
#局部变量
a=123
global P #加上此关键词后,全局变量就会被修改,否则不会被修改
print (a)
P="zhangyu"
def func2():
print (P)
func1()
func2()
----------------------
123
zhangyu
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9.lambda表达式
def f1():
return 123
f2=lambda : 123
print f1()
print f2
def f3(a1,a2):
return a1+a2
f4=lambda a1,a2:a1+a2
print f3(1,2)
print f4(2,3)
----------------------
123
<function <lambda> at 0x00000000026A2BA8>
3
5
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10.文件操作open
打开文件:open("文件名/文件路径",模式,编码)
操作文件
关闭文件
'''
close(),flush(),read(),readline(),seek(),tell(),truncate(),write(),
'''
'''
# f=open("hello.log","r") #默认不写为只读
# data=f.read()
# print data
# f.close()
#只读 r---不可写
# f=open("hello.log","r") #默认不写为只读
# data=f.write()-------------报错
# f.close()
#只写 w---不可读
# f=open("hello.log","w") #默认只写不可读
# data=f.write("123") #-------------报错
# f.close()
#a,追加模式【不可读; 不存在则创建;存在则只追加内容;】
f=open("hello.log","a")
f.write("aaa")
data=f.read()
print data
f.close()
#x, 只写模式【不可读;不存在则创建,存在则报错】-----py3
f=open("hello.log","x")
f=open("hello2.log","x")
f.write("aaa")
==================================================================
二进制方式打开:
#二进制的方式打开
#只读
# f=open("hello.log","rb")
# data=f.read()
# print (data)
# print (str(data,encoding="utf-8"))
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b'xe4xb8xadxe5x9bxbd'
中国
--------------------------------------
#只写
# f=open("hello.log","wb")
# f.write(bytes("中国",encoding="utf-8"))
==================================================================
'''
r+:读写【可读,可写】
w+:写读【可读,可写】
x+:写读【可读,可写】
a+:写读【可读,可写】
'''
#r+:打开文件,write:末尾追加内容,指针末尾,如果读取时的指在某一位置,写的时候只会在末尾
#tell():显示指针的位置
#feek(x):调整指针的位置
f=open("hello.log","r+",encoding="utf-8")
print (f.tell()) #指针的位置,一个汉字3个字节
data=f.read(1)
print (f.tell())
print (type(data),data)
print (f.tell())
data=f.read(1)
print (f.tell())
print (type(data),data)
f.seek(3)
print (f.tell())
--------------------------
0
3
<class 'str'> 中
3
6
<class 'str'> 国
3
--------------------------
# f.write("中国")
# data=f.read()
# print (type(data),data)
f.close()
--------------------------
#a+:写读【可读,可写】:打开的同时指针已经在末尾
f=open("hello.log","a+",encoding="utf-8")
print (f.tell())
f.seek(0)
data=f.read()
print (data)
f.write("QA")
--------------------------
#w+:写读【可读,可写】:先清空,再写之后就可以读了
#只要写入内容,指针调至最后
f=open("hello.log","w+",encoding="utf-8")
data=f.write("我们")
f.seek(0)
data=f.read()
print (data)
f.close()
================================================================
'''
readline():只读取一行
'''
# f=open("hello.log","r+",encoding="utf-8")
# data=f.readline()
# print (data)
readlines:读取多行
['第一行','第二行'...]
'''
truncate():截断数据,仅保留指定之前数据
'''
# f=open("hello.log","r+",encoding="utf-8")
# print (f.tell())
# data=f.read()
# print (data)
# f.seek(6)
# f.truncate()
# f.close()
f=open("hello.log","r",encoding="utf-8")
#f.read()
for line in f:
print (line)
==============================================================
'''
关闭:close()相当于with open("xxx","r",encoding="utf-8") as f
自动关闭文件
'''
# with open("hello.log","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
# # data=f.read()
# # print (data)
'''
同时打开两个文件,将第一个文件中的数据一行一行写入第二个文件
with open("源文件","r",encoding="utf-8") as f1,open("新文件","w",encoding="utf-8") as f2:
'''
with open("hello.log","r",encoding="utf-8") as f1,open("hello2.log","w",encoding="utf-8") as f2:
for line in f1:
f2.write(line)
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11.注册登录函数
def login(username,password):
'''
用于用户名密码的验证
:param username: 用户名
:param password: 密码
:return: True,用户验证成功;False,用户验证失败
'''
with open('db', encoding='utf-8') as f:
ret = []
for i in f:
i = i.strip() # 去除首尾的空格和换行符
m = i.split('$') # 通过指定的分隔符对字符串进行切片
if username == m[0] and password == m[1]:
#print("登录成功")
#break
return True
return False
def register(username,password):
'''
注册用户:
1.打开文件,追加a
2.用户名$密码
:param username:
:param password:
:return:
'''
with open("db","a",encoding="utf-8") as f:
temp=" "+username+"$"+password
f.write(temp)
return True
def user_exist(username):
'''
一行一行的查询,如果用户名存在返回true 不存在返回false
:param username: 用户名
:return: true用户名存在,false用户名不存在
'''
with open('db',"r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f:
line=line.strip()
line_list=line.split("$")
if line_list[0]==username:
return True
return False
def main():
print ("欢迎登录xxxx系统")
inp=input("1:登录,2:注册")
if inp=='1':
user = input("请输入用户名:")
passwd=input("请输入密码:")
is_login=login(user,passwd)
if is_login:
print ("登录成功")
else:
print ("登录失败")
elif inp=='2':
user = input("请输入用户名:")
passwd = input("请输入密码:")
is_exist=user_exist(user)
if is_exist:
print ("用户名已存在,请直接登录")
else:
print ("用户名不存在,请注册")
result=register(user,passwd)
if result:
print ("注册成功")
else:
print ("注册失败")
main()