• 第四篇(二进制部署k8s集群---master集群部署)


    转载于https://blog.51cto.com/14033037/2552486

    本文在以下主机上操作部署k8s集群
    k8s-master1:192.168.206.31
    k8s-master2:192.168.206.32
    k8s-master3:192.168.206.33

    kubernetes master 节点主要包含的组件:
    kube-apiserver
    kube-scheduler
    kube-controller-manager
    目前这三个组件需要部署在同一台机器上。
    kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager 和 kube-apiserver 三者的功能紧密相关;
    同时只能有一个 kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager 进程处于工作状态,如果运行多个,则需要通过选举产生一个 leader;

    一、部署kubectl命令工具

    kubectl 是 kubernetes 集群的命令行管理工具,kubectl 默认从 ~/.kube/config 文件读取 kube-apiserver 地址、证书、用户名等信息,如果没有配置,执行 kubectl 命令时可能会出错。
    1、下载kubectl

    wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    cd kubernetes/server/bin/
    cp kube-apiserver kubeadm kube-controller-manager kubectl kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
    

    2、创建请求证书

    cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "admin",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "Zhejiang",
          "L": "hangzhou",
          "O": "system:masters",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF 
    
    O 为 system:masters,kube-apiserver 收到该证书后将请求的 Group 设置为 system:masters;
    预定义的 ClusterRoleBinding cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定,该 Role 授予所有 API的权限;
    该证书只会被 kubectl 当做 client 证书使用,所以 hosts 字段为空;
    
    生成证书和私钥
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin 
    

    3、创建~/.kube/config文件

    mkdir -p  ~/.kube
    
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=https://192.168.206.30:8443 
      --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
    
    # 设置客户端认证参数
    kubectl config set-credentials admin 
      --client-certificate=admin.pem 
      --client-key=admin-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
    
    # 设置上下文参数
    kubectl config set-context kubernetes 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=admin 
      --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
    
    # 设置默认上下文
    kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig 
    
    这个地方是复制到~/.kube/目录下名字为config不要搞错了
    cp kubectl.kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
    

    二、部署api-server

    1、创建kube-apiserver的证书签名请求:

    cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "kubernetes",
      "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
        "192.168.206.31",
        "192.168.206.32",
        "192.168.206.33",
        "192.168.206.36",
        "192.168.206.37",
        "192.168.206.30",
        "kubernetes",
        "kubernetes.default",
        "kubernetes.default.svc",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
      ],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "Zhejiang",
          "L": "hangzhou",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表,这里列出了 VIP 、apiserver 节点 IP、kubernetes 服务 IP 和域名;
    域名最后字符不能是 .(如不能为 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.),否则解析时失败,提示: x509: cannot parse dnsName "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.";
    如果使用非 cluster.local 域名,如 bqding.com,则需要修改域名列表中的最后两个域名为:kubernetes.default.svc.bqding、kubernetes.default.svc.bqding.com
    主机依次为master节点的ip,以及负载均衡器的内网和公网IP。
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
    
    mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes
    cp kubernetes*.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes

    3、创建加密配置文件

    cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
    kind: EncryptionConfig
    apiVersion: v1
    resources:
      - resources:
          - secrets
        providers:
          - aescbc:
              keys:
                - name: key1
                  secret: $(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
          - identity: {}
    EOF
    
    分发加密配置文件到master节点
    cp encryption-config.yaml /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes

    4、创建kube-apiserver systemd unit文件

    cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes API Server
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver 
      --enable-admission-plugins=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota 
      --anonymous-auth=false 
      --experimental-encryption-provider-config=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml 
      --advertise-address=192.168.206.31 
      --bind-address=192.168.206.31 
      --insecure-port=0 
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC 
      --runtime-config=api/all 
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth 
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32700 
      --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem 
      --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem 
      --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca.pem 
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem 
      --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem 
      --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca-key.pem 
      --etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca.pem 
      --etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem 
      --etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem 
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.206.31:2379,https://192.168.206.32:2379,https://192.168.206.33:2379 
      --enable-swagger-ui=true 
      --allow-privileged=true 
      --apiserver-count=3 
      --audit-log-maxage=30 
      --audit-log-maxbackup=3 
      --audit-log-maxsize=100 
      --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log 
      --event-ttl=1h 
      --alsologtostderr=true 
      --logtostderr=false 
      --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/log 
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    Type=notify
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    --experimental-encryption-provider-config:启用加密特性;
    --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC: 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式,拒绝未授权的请求;
    --enable-admission-plugins:启用 ServiceAccount 和 NodeRestriction;
    --service-account-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件,kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件,两者配对使用;
    --tls-*-file:指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件。--client-ca-file 用于验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书;
    --kubelet-client-certificate、--kubelet-client-key:如果指定,则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs;需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则,否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权;
    --bind-address: 不能为 127.0.0.1,否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443;
    --insecure-port=0:关闭监听非安全端口(8080);
    --service-cluster-ip-range: 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段;
    --service-node-port-range: 指定 NodePort 的端口范围;
    --runtime-config=api/all=true: 启用所有版本的 APIs,如 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
    --enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证;
    --apiserver-count=3:指定集群运行模式,多台 kube-apiserver 会通过 leader 选举产生一个工作节点,其它节点处于阻塞状态;
    
    这些也要分发kube-apiserver.service文件到其他master

    7、启动api-server服务

     systemctl stop kube-apiserver
     systemctl daemon-reload
     systemctl enable kube-apiserver
     systemctl start kube-apiserver

    8、检查api-server和集群状态

    [root@k8s-master1 ~]# netstat -ptln | grep kube-apiserve
    tcp        0      0 192.168.206.31:6443     0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      985/kube-apiserver  
    [root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl cluster-info
    Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.206.30:8443
    
    To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

    9、授予kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限

    kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
    

    三、部署kube-controller-manager
    该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。
    为保证通信安全,本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥,kube-controller-manager 在如下两种情况下使用该证书:

    1、创建kube-controller-manager证书请求:

    cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "hosts": [
          "127.0.0.1",
          "192.168.206.31",
          "192.168.206.32",
          "192.168.206.33"
        ],
        "names": [
          {
            "C": "CN",
            "ST": "Zhejiang",
            "L": "hangzhou",
            "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
            "OU": "System"
          }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
    hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
    CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限。
    生成证书和私钥:
    cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
    
    将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点
     mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager
     cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/
    

    2、创建和分发kubeconfig文件

    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=https://192.168.206.30:8443 
      --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager 
      --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem 
      --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=system:kube-controller-manager 
      --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    分发 kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点
    cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/
    cp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca* /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/

    3、创建和分发kube-controller-manager systemd unit文件

    cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service  << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager 
      --address=127.0.0.1 
      --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 
      --authentication-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 
      --cluster-name=kubernetes 
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca.pem 
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca-key.pem 
      --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h 
      --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca.pem 
      --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca-key.pem 
      --leader-elect=true 
      --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true 
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner 
      --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true 
      --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s 
      --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager.pem 
      --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager-key.pem 
      --use-service-account-credentials=true 
      --alsologtostderr=true 
      --logtostderr=false 
      --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/log 
      --v=2
    Restart=on
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    分发kube-controller-manager systemd unit文件到其他master服务器
    
    -address:指定监听的地址为127.0.0.1
    --kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
    --cluster-signing-*-file:签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书;
    --experimental-cluster-signing-duration:指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期;
    --root-ca-file:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书,用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验;
    --service-account-private-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件,必须和 kube-apiserver 的 --service-account-key-file 指定的公钥文件配对使用;
    --service-cluster-ip-range :指定 Service Cluster IP 网段,必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致;
    --leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;
    --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true:开启 kublet server 证书的自动更新特性;
    --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner:启用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token;
    --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*:custom metrics 相关参数,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
    --tls-cert-file、--tls-private-key-file:使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥;
    --use-service-account-credentials=true:

    4、启动kube-controller-manager服务

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
    systemctl start kube-controller-manager

    5、检查kube-controller-manager服务

    [root@k8s-master1 ssl]# netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10252         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      17906/kube-controll 
    tcp6       0      0 :::10257                :::*                    LISTEN      17906/kube-controll

    6、查看当前kube-controller-manager的leader

    [root@master1 ssl]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Endpoints
    metadata:
      annotations:
        control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master1_0f2ea8d8-2955-11eb-84f5-000c296e7f49","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-11-18T04:18:06Z","renewTime":"2020-11-18T04:20:33Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
      creationTimestamp: 2020-11-18T04:18:06Z
      name: kube-controller-manager
      namespace: kube-system
      resourceVersion: "3578"
      selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
      uid: 0f2fc6db-2955-11eb-b0b5-000c29979eeb

    四、部署kube-scheduler
    该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。
    1、创建kube-scheduler证书请求

    cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "hosts": [
          "127.0.0.1",
          "192.168.206.31",
          "192.168.206.32",
          "192.168.206.33"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
          {
            "C": "CN",
            "ST": "Zhejiang",
            "L": "hangzhou",
            "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
            "OU": "System"
          }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
    hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP;
    CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

    2、创建和分发kube-scheduler.kubeconfig文件

    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/data/ssl/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=https://192.168.206.30:8443 
      --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler 
      --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem 
      --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=system:kube-scheduler 
      --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点
    mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler 
    cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler 
    

    3、创建和分发kube-scheduler systemd unit文件

    cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler 
      --address=127.0.0.1 
      --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig 
      --leader-elect=true 
      --alsologtostderr=true 
      --logtostderr=false 
      --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/log 
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    --address:在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 请求;kube-scheduler 目前还不支持接收 https 请求;
    --kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
    --leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;

    4、启动kube-scheduler服务

     systemctl daemon-reload
     systemctl enable kube-scheduler
     systemctl start kube-scheduler 
    

    5、查看当前kube-scheduler的leader

    [root@master1 kube-scheduler]#  kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Endpoints
    metadata:
      annotations:
        control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master1_c2b12771-2957-11eb-a36d-000c296e7f49","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-11-18T04:37:28Z","renewTime":"2020-11-18T04:38:58Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
      creationTimestamp: 2020-11-18T04:37:28Z
      name: kube-scheduler
      namespace: kube-system
      resourceVersion: "4509"
      selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
      uid: c34cf106-2957-11eb-a5a4-000c2936c402
    

    6、在所有master节点上验证功能是否正常

    [root@master1 kube-scheduler]# kubectl get componentstatuses
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
    scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
    etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
    etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
    etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
  • 相关阅读:
    js原生碰撞检测
    基于栈的指令集与基于寄存器的指令集
    偏向锁,轻量级锁
    java 内存模型
    JVM即时编译器
    动态分配
    静态分配
    栈帧笔记
    类加载器
    类加载过程
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cheyunhua/p/14291973.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知