• Redis 3.0.4 RDB持久化


      跳过了数据库等别的内容,跳到了RDB,别的之后会补回来、

      RDB持久化,是将redis内存中的数据库状态保存到磁盘里,以免数据意外丢失,可以手动执行,也可以通过配置执行。

        手动执行:

      1. SAVE: 会阻塞服务器进程,直到RDB文件创建完毕。
      2. BGSAVE:会fork一个子进程,然后由子进程负责创建RDB文件,父进程就需处理命令请求。

        触发配置:

        • save 900 1            //服务器900s之内,对数据库进行了一次修改
        • save 300 10      //服务器300s之内,对数据库进行了10次修改
        • save 60 10000      //服务器60秒之内,对数据库进行了至少10000次修改

            满足任意一条都会触发bgsave操作

      bgsave命令执行时的服务器状态

        在执行bgsave期间,服务器处理save、bgsave、aofwrite三个命令和平时不同。

          1.如果在执行bgsave期间,执行save,服务器会拒绝掉,避免父进程和子进程同时执行两个rdbsave,防止产生竞争条件。

          2.如果在执行bgsave期间,执行bgsave,服务器也会拒绝掉,因为同时执行两个bgsave会产生竞争条件。

          3.如果在执行bgsave期间,执行aof write,aof write会被延迟到bgsave命令执行完毕之后。

          4.如果在执行aof write期间,执行bgsave,服务器会拒绝掉。

    void bgsaveCommand(redisClient *c) {
        //正在执行rdb持久化操作
        if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) {
            addReplyError(c,"Background save already in progress");
        } else if (server.aof_child_pid != -1) {  //正在aof重写
            addReplyError(c,"Can't BGSAVE while AOF log rewriting is in progress");
        } else if (rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename) == REDIS_OK) {
            addReplyStatus(c,"Background saving started");   //执行bgsave
        } else {
            addReply(c,shared.err);
        }
    }

     1.RDB文件结构

          

          1.REDIS:表示保存着“redis”五个字符,长度为5字节

          2.db_version:表示rdb的版本号,长度为4字节

          3.databases:包含零个或者任意多个数据库,一个各个数据库的键值对

          4.EOF:表示rdb文件的结束,1个字节

          6.check_sum:保存着校验和,8个字节

      databases部分

          1.selectdb:表示接下来要读取的是一个db_number,1个字节

          2.db_number:保存着一个数据库号码,长度可能是1字节、2字节、5字节

          3.key_value_paris:保存着数据库中的键值对

      2.bgsave

        bgsave是fork了子进程,子进程中执行rdbSave,

    int rdbSaveBackground(char *filename) {
        pid_t childpid;
        long long start;
        //查询是否正在进行备份  没有查是否在重写
        if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR;
        //备份当前数据库的脏键值
        server.dirty_before_bgsave = server.dirty;
        //备份执行的时间
        server.lastbgsave_try = time(NULL);
    
        start = ustime();
        if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) {
            int retval;
    
            /* Child */
            //关闭子进程的监听套接字
            closeListeningSockets(0);
            //设置进程标题
            redisSetProcTitle("redis-rdb-bgsave");
            //执行保存操作  将数据库的写到filename中
            retval = rdbSave(filename);
            if (retval == REDIS_OK) {
                //得到子进程的脏私有虚拟页面大小
                //这是进程fork之后子进程多占用的内存,从/proc/$pid/smaps中读取Private_Dirty字段的值
                //进程fork之后,开始内存是共享的,即从父进程那里继承的内存空间都是Private_Clean,
                //运行一段时间之后,子进程对继承的内存空间做了修改,这部分内存就不能与父进程共享了,
                //需要多占用,这部分就是Private_Dirty
                size_t private_dirty = zmalloc_get_private_dirty();
    
                if (private_dirty) {
                    //将紫禁城分配的内容写到日志
                    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
                        "RDB: %zu MB of memory used by copy-on-write",
                        private_dirty/(1024*1024));
                }
            }
            exitFromChild((retval == REDIS_OK) ? 0 : 1);
        } else {
            /* Parent */
            //计算fork执行的时间
            server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start;
            //计算fork的速率 GB/每秒
            server.stat_fork_rate = (double) zmalloc_used_memory() * 1000000 / server.stat_fork_time / (1024*1024*1024); /* GB per second. */
            latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("fork",server.stat_fork_time/1000);
            if (childpid == -1) {  //fork出错
                server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR;
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't save in background: fork: %s",
                    strerror(errno));
                return REDIS_ERR;
            }
    
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Background saving started by pid %d",childpid);
            server.rdb_save_time_start = time(NULL);  //备份开始的时间
            server.rdb_child_pid = childpid;          //备份的子进程
            server.rdb_child_type = REDIS_RDB_CHILD_TYPE_DISK;
            updateDictResizePolicy();  //关闭哈希表resize 因为resize会有复制拷贝动作
            return REDIS_OK;
        }
        return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */
    }
    /* Save the DB on disk. Return REDIS_ERR on error, REDIS_OK on success. */
    int rdbSave(char *filename) {
        char tmpfile[256];
        FILE *fp;
        rio rdb;
        int error;
        //创建临时文件
        snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-%d.rdb", (int) getpid());
        fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
        if (!fp) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Failed opening .rdb for saving: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
        //初始化一个rio对象  该对象是一个文件对象IO
        rioInitWithFile(&rdb,fp);
        //将数据库的内容写到rio中
        if (rdbSaveRio(&rdb,&error) == REDIS_ERR) {
            errno = error;
            goto werr;
        }
    
        /* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
        if (fflush(fp) == EOF) goto werr;
        if (fsync(fileno(fp)) == -1) goto werr;
        if (fclose(fp) == EOF) goto werr;
    
        /* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
         * if the generate DB file is ok. */
        //更改备份的临时文件名称 
        if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp DB file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno));
            unlink(tmpfile);
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB saved on disk");
        server.dirty = 0;
        //重置脏数据
        server.lastsave = time(NULL);
        server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_OK;
        return REDIS_OK;
    
    werr:
        //rdbSaveRio函数的写入错误处理  写日志 关闭文件 删除临时文件
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error saving DB on disk: %s", strerror(errno));   //这块看过一些实例  确实有备份失败的日志输出
        fclose(fp);
        unlink(tmpfile);
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }
    //将rdb格式文件内容写入到rio中
    //rdb编码格式: redis version 辅助信息 databases EOF checksum
    //     字节数:  5     4                          1      8
    int rdbSaveRio(rio *rdb, int *error) {
        dictIterator *di = NULL;
        dictEntry *de;
        char magic[10];
        int j;
        long long now = mstime();
        uint64_t cksum;
        //开启了校验和选项
        if (server.rdb_checksum)
            rdb->update_cksum = rioGenericUpdateChecksum;
        //将redis + version 写入到magic
        snprintf(magic,sizeof(magic),"REDIS%04d",REDIS_RDB_VERSION); //redis + version 
        //将magic保存到rdb 
        if (rdbWriteRaw(rdb,magic,9) == -1) goto werr;
        //遍历redis db
        for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) {
            redisDb *db = server.db+j;  //当前的数据库指针
    
            dict *d = db->dict;         //当数据库的键值对字典
            if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue;  //跳过空字典
            //创建一个字典类型迭代器
            di = dictGetSafeIterator(d);
            if (!di) return REDIS_ERR;
    
            /* Write the SELECT DB opcode */
            //写入数据库的标识 selectDB 下一个值是redis的db数
            if (rdbSaveType(rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_SELECTDB) == -1) goto werr;
            //写入redis db数
            if (rdbSaveLen(rdb,j) == -1) goto werr;
    
            /* Iterate this DB writing every entry */
            //遍历数据库所有键值对
            while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
                sds keystr = dictGetKey(de);
                robj key, *o = dictGetVal(de);
                long long expire;
    
                initStaticStringObject(key,keystr);
                expire = getExpire(db,&key);
                //将键的键对象,值对象,过期时间写到rio中
                if (rdbSaveKeyValuePair(rdb,&key,o,expire,now) == -1) goto werr;
            }
            //地方字典迭代器
            dictReleaseIterator(di);
        }
        di = NULL; /* So that we don't release it again on error. */
        /* EOF opcode */
        //EOF 1字节
        if (rdbSaveType(rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EOF) == -1) goto werr;
    
        /* CRC64 checksum. It will be zero if checksum computation is disabled, the
         * loading code skips the check in this case. */
        //校验和
        cksum = rdb->cksum;
        memrev64ifbe(&cksum);
        if (rioWrite(rdb,&cksum,8) == 0) goto werr;
        return REDIS_OK;
    
    werr:
        if (error) *error = errno;
        if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di);
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }

       rdbSave函数创建了一个临时文件,然后使用该临时文件的文件指针fp初始化rio结构rdb,该结构是Redis中用于IO操作的数据结构,主要是封装了read和write操作。

    然后调用rdbSaveRio,将数据库的内容写到临时文件中;之后调用fflush,fsync和fclose,保证数据已经写入到硬盘上,并且关闭临时文件。

       3.redis启动时加载rdb

      

    //将指定的rdb文件读到数据库中
    int rdbLoad(char *filename) {
        uint32_t dbid;
        int type, rdbver;
        redisDb *db = server.db+0;
        char buf[1024];
        long long expiretime, now = mstime();
        FILE *fp;
        rio rdb;
    
        if ((fp = fopen(filename,"r")) == NULL) return REDIS_ERR;
        //创建一个rio
        rioInitWithFile(&rdb,fp);
        rdb.update_cksum = rdbLoadProgressCallback;
        rdb.max_processing_chunk = server.loading_process_events_interval_bytes;
        if (rioRead(&rdb,buf,9) == 0) goto eoferr;
        buf[9] = '';
        //校验redis
        if (memcmp(buf,"REDIS",5) != 0) {
            fclose(fp);
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Wrong signature trying to load DB from file");
            errno = EINVAL;
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
        //校验版本
        rdbver = atoi(buf+5);
        if (rdbver < 1 || rdbver > REDIS_RDB_VERSION) {
            fclose(fp);
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't handle RDB format version %d",rdbver);
            errno = EINVAL;
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
    
        startLoading(fp);
        while(1) {
            robj *key, *val;
            expiretime = -1;
    
            /* Read type. */
            if ((type = rdbLoadType(&rdb)) == -1) goto eoferr;
            //key的过期时间
            if (type == REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EXPIRETIME) {
                if ((expiretime = rdbLoadTime(&rdb)) == -1) goto eoferr;
                /* We read the time so we need to read the object type again. */
                if ((type = rdbLoadType(&rdb)) == -1) goto eoferr;
                /* the EXPIRETIME opcode specifies time in seconds, so convert
                 * into milliseconds. */
                expiretime *= 1000;
            } else if (type == REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EXPIRETIME_MS) {
                /* Milliseconds precision expire times introduced with RDB
                 * version 3. */
                if ((expiretime = rdbLoadMillisecondTime(&rdb)) == -1) goto eoferr;
                /* We read the time so we need to read the object type again. */
                if ((type = rdbLoadType(&rdb)) == -1) goto eoferr;
            }
            //EOF
            if (type == REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EOF)
                break;
    
            /* Handle SELECT DB opcode as a special case */
            //select db 
            if (type == REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_SELECTDB) {
                if ((dbid = rdbLoadLen(&rdb,NULL)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR)
                    goto eoferr;
                if (dbid >= (unsigned)server.dbnum) {
                    redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"FATAL: Data file was created with a Redis server configured to handle more than %d databases. Exiting
    ", server.dbnum);
                    exit(1);
                }
                db = server.db+dbid;
                continue;
            }
            /* Read key */
            if ((key = rdbLoadStringObject(&rdb)) == NULL) goto eoferr;
            /* Read value */
            if ((val = rdbLoadObject(type,&rdb)) == NULL) goto eoferr;
            /* Check if the key already expired. This function is used when loading
             * an RDB file from disk, either at startup, or when an RDB was
             * received from the master. In the latter case, the master is
             * responsible for key expiry. If we would expire keys here, the
             * snapshot taken by the master may not be reflected on the slave. */
            //主库加载rdb  会过滤当前key是否过期  从库不会
            if (server.masterhost == NULL && expiretime != -1 && expiretime < now) {
                decrRefCount(key);
                decrRefCount(val);
                continue;
            }
            /* Add the new object in the hash table */
            dbAdd(db,key,val);
            /* Set the expire time if needed */
            if (expiretime != -1) setExpire(db,key,expiretime);
    
            decrRefCount(key);
        }
        /* Verify the checksum if RDB version is >= 5 */
        //rdb版本大于5 开启校验和
        if (rdbver >= 5 && server.rdb_checksum) {
            uint64_t cksum, expected = rdb.cksum;
    
            if (rioRead(&rdb,&cksum,8) == 0) goto eoferr;
            memrev64ifbe(&cksum);
            if (cksum == 0) {
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"RDB file was saved with checksum disabled: no check performed.");
            } else if (cksum != expected) {
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Wrong RDB checksum. Aborting now.");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
    
        fclose(fp);
        stopLoading();
        return REDIS_OK;
    
    eoferr: /* unexpected end of file is handled here with a fatal exit */
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Short read or OOM loading DB. Unrecoverable error, aborting now.");
        exit(1);
        return REDIS_ERR; /* Just to avoid warning */
    }

      根据rdb格式进行解析和读取。

        

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyang920/p/13216719.html
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