• Android ToolBar*


     众所周知,在使用ActionBar的时候,一堆的问题:这个文字能不能定制,位置能不能改变,图标的间距怎么控制神马的,由此暴露出了ActionBar设计的不灵活。为此官方提供了ToolBar,并且提供了supprot library用于向下兼容。Toolbar之所以灵活,是因为它其实就是一个ViewGroup,我们在使用的时候和普通的组件一样,在布局文件中声明。

    (1)ToolBar的引入

    既然准备用ToolBar,首先看看如何将其引入到app中。

    1)隐藏原本的ActionBar

    隐藏可以通过修改我们继承的主题为:Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar,当然也可以通过设置以下属性完成:

    <item name="windowActionBar">false</item>
    <item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>

    我们这里选择前者:

        <style name="AppBaseTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
    
            <!-- customize the color palette -->
            <item name="colorPrimary">@color/material_blue_500</item>
            <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/material_blue_700</item>
            <item name="colorAccent">@color/material_green_A200</item>
    
        </style>
    2)在布局文件中声明
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    
        <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/id_toolbar"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent" />
    
        <android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    
            app:useDefaultMargins="true"
            app:columnCount="3">
    
    
            <TextView
                android:text="First Name:"
                app:layout_gravity="right" />
    
            <EditText
                android:ems="10"
                app:layout_columnSpan="2" />
    
            <TextView
                android:text="Last Name:"
    
                app:layout_column="0"
                app:layout_gravity="right" />
    
            <EditText
                android:ems="10"
                app:layout_columnSpan="2" />
    
    
            <TextView
                android:text="Visit Type:"
    
                app:layout_column="0"
                app:layout_gravity="right" />
    
            <RadioGroup app:layout_columnSpan="2">
    
                <RadioButton
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:text="Business" />
    
    
                <RadioButton
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:text="Social" />
    
            </RadioGroup>
    
            <Button
                android:text="Ok"
                app:layout_column="1" />
    
            <Button
                android:text="Cancel"
                app:layout_column="2" />
    
        </android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout>
    
    </LinearLayout>

    ok,这里我们也贴出来上面图片的效果的xml,使用GridLayout实现的,有兴趣的可以研究下。可以看到我们在布局文件中定义了ToolBar。

    3)代码中设定
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
            setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        }

    ok,基本就是先隐藏ActionBar,然后在布局文件中声明,最后代码中设定一下。现在看一下效果图:

    可以看到我们的ToolBar显示出来了,默认的Title为ToolBar,但是这个样式实在是不敢恭维,下面看我们如何定制它。

    (2)定制ToolBar

    首先给它一个nice的背景色,还记得前面的colorPrimary么,用于控制ActionBar的背景色的。当然这里我们的ToolBar就是一个普通的ViewGroup在布局中,所以我们直接使用background就好,值可以为:?attr/colorPrimary使用主题中定义的值。

    ToolBar中包含Nav Icon , Logo , Title , Sub Title , Menu Items 。

    我们可以通过代码设置上述ToolBar中的控件:

    @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
    
            // App Logo
            toolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
            // Title
            toolbar.setTitle("App Title");
            // Sub Title
            toolbar.setSubtitle("Sub title");
    
            setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
            //Navigation Icon
            toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.ic_toc_white_24dp);
        }

    可选方案当然如果你喜欢,也可以在布局文件中去设置部分属性:

     <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/id_toolbar"
            app:title="App Title"
            app:subtitle="Sub Title"
            app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_toc_white_24dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"/>

    至于Menu Item,依然支持在menu/menu_main.xml去声明,然后复写onCreateOptionsMenuonOptionsItemSelected即可。

    可选方案也可以通过toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener实现点击MenuItem的回调。

      toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
                    return false;
                }
            });

    效果图:

    关于字体的样式,可以在布局文件设置属性app:titleTextAppearanceapp:subtitleTextAppearance或者代码setTitleTextAppearancesetSubTitleTextAppearance设置。

    4、实战

    简单介绍了Toolbar以后呢,我们决定做点有意思的事,整合ToolBar,DrawerLayout,ActionBarDrawerToggle写个实用的例子,效果图如下:

    ok,简单处理了下横纵屏幕的切换。接下来看代码实现。

    • 大致思路

    整体实现还是比较容易的,首先需要引入DrawerLayout(如果你对DrawerLayout不了解,可以参考 
    Android DrawerLayout 高仿QQ5.2双向侧滑菜单),然后去初始化mActionBarDrawerToggle,mActionBarDrawerToggle实际上是个DrawerListener,设置mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mActionBarDrawerToggle);就已经能够实现上面点击Nav Icon切换效果了。当然了细节还是挺多的。

    我们的效果图,左侧菜单为Fragment,内容区域为Fragment,点击左侧菜单切换内容区域的Fragment即可。关于Fragment的知识,可以查看:Android Fragment 你应该知道的一切

    • 布局文件 
      activity_main.xml
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#ffffffff"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    
        <!--app:subtitle="Sub Title"-->
        <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/id_toolbar"
            app:title="App Title"
            app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_toc_white_24dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:background="?attr/colorPrimary" />
    
        <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
            android:id="@+id/id_drawerlayout"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">
    
            <FrameLayout
                android:id="@+id/id_content_container"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>
    
            <FrameLayout
                android:id="@+id/id_left_menu_container"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_gravity="left"
                android:background="#ffffffff"></FrameLayout>
    
    
        </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
    
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    DrawerLayout中包含两个FrameLayout,分别放内容区域和左侧菜单的Fragment。

    • LeftMenuFragment
    package com.zhy.toolbar;
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
    import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    
    /**
     * Created by zhy on 15/4/26.
     */
    public class LeftMenuFragment extends ListFragment {
    
        private static final int SIZE_MENU_ITEM = 3;
    
        private MenuItem[] mItems = new MenuItem[SIZE_MENU_ITEM];
    
        private LeftMenuAdapter mAdapter;
    
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    
            mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getActivity());
    
            MenuItem menuItem = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_MENU_ITEM; i++) {
                menuItem = new MenuItem(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.array_left_menu)[i], false, R.drawable.music_36px, R.drawable.music_36px_light);
                mItems[i] = menuItem;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
    
            setListAdapter(mAdapter = new LeftMenuAdapter(getActivity(), mItems));
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
            super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
    
            if (mMenuItemSelectedListener != null) {
                mMenuItemSelectedListener.menuItemSelected(((MenuItem) getListAdapter().getItem(position)).text);
            }
    
            mAdapter.setSelected(position);
    
        }
    
    
        //选择回调的接口
        public interface OnMenuItemSelectedListener {
            void menuItemSelected(String title);
        }
        private OnMenuItemSelectedListener mMenuItemSelectedListener;
    
        public void setOnMenuItemSelectedListener(OnMenuItemSelectedListener menuItemSelectedListener) {
            this.mMenuItemSelectedListener = menuItemSelectedListener;
        }
    
    }

    继承自ListFragment,主要用于展示各个Item,提供了一个选择Item的回调,这个需要在Activity中去注册处理。

    • LeftMenuAdapter
    package com.zhy.toolbar;
    
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.graphics.Color;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
    import android.widget.ImageView;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    
    /**
     * Created by zhy on 15/4/26.
     */
    public class LeftMenuAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<MenuItem> {
    
    
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
    
        private int mSelected;
    
    
        public LeftMenuAdapter(Context context, MenuItem[] objects) {
            super(context, -1, objects);
    
            mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    
    
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_left_menu, parent, false);
            }
    
            ImageView iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_item_icon);
            TextView title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_item_title);
            title.setText(getItem(position).text);
            iv.setImageResource(getItem(position).icon);
            convertView.setBackgroundColor(Color.TRANSPARENT);
    
            if (position == mSelected) {
                iv.setImageResource(getItem(position).iconSelected);
                convertView.setBackgroundColor(getContext().getResources().getColor(R.color.state_menu_item_selected));
            }
    
            return convertView;
        }
    
        public void setSelected(int position) {
            this.mSelected = position;
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    
    
    }
    
    
    package com.zhy.toolbar;
    
    public class MenuItem {
    
        public MenuItem(String text, boolean isSelected, int icon, int iconSelected) {
            this.text = text;
            this.isSelected = isSelected;
            this.icon = icon;
            this.iconSelected = iconSelected;
        }
    
        boolean isSelected;
        String text;
        int icon;
        int iconSelected;
    }

    Adapter没撒说的~~提供了一个setSection方法用于设置选中Item的样式什么的。 
    接下来看ContentFragment,仅仅只是一个TextView而已,所以代码也比较easy。

    package com.zhy.toolbar;
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
    import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
    import android.text.TextUtils;
    import android.view.Gravity;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    
    /**
     * Created by zhy on 15/4/26.
     */
    public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {
    
        public static final String KEY_TITLE = "key_title";
        private String mTitle;
    
        public static ContentFragment newInstance(String title) {
            ContentFragment fragment = new ContentFragment();
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString(KEY_TITLE, title);
            fragment.setArguments(bundle);
            return fragment;
        }
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
                                 @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
            TextView tv = new TextView(getActivity());
            String title = (String) getArguments().get(KEY_TITLE);
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title))
            {
                tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
                tv.setTextSize(40);
                tv.setText(title);
            }
    
            return tv;
        }
    }

    提供newInstance接收一个title参数去实例化它。

    最后就是我们的MainActivity了,负责管理各种Fragment。

    • MainActivity
    package com.zhy.toolbar;
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
    import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
    import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
    import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
    import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
    import android.text.TextUtils;
    import android.view.Gravity;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private ActionBarDrawerToggle mActionBarDrawerToggle;
    
        private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    
        private Toolbar mToolbar;
    
        private LeftMenuFragment mLeftMenuFragment;
        private ContentFragment mCurrentFragment;
    
        private String mTitle;
    
        private static final String TAG = "com.zhy.toolbar";
        private static final String KEY_TITLLE = "key_title";
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            initToolBar();
            initViews();
    
            //恢复title
            restoreTitle(savedInstanceState);
    
            FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
            //查找当前显示的Fragment
            mCurrentFragment = (ContentFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(mTitle);
    
            if (mCurrentFragment == null) {
                mCurrentFragment = ContentFragment.newInstance(mTitle);
                fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.id_content_container, mCurrentFragment, mTitle).commit();
            }
    
            mLeftMenuFragment = (LeftMenuFragment) fm.findFragmentById(R.id.id_left_menu_container);
            if (mLeftMenuFragment == null) {
                mLeftMenuFragment = new LeftMenuFragment();
                fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.id_left_menu_container, mLeftMenuFragment).commit();
            }
    
            //隐藏别的Fragment,如果存在的话
            List<Fragment> fragments = fm.getFragments();
            if (fragments != null)
    
                for (Fragment fragment : fragments) {
                    if (fragment == mCurrentFragment || fragment == mLeftMenuFragment) continue;
                    fm.beginTransaction().hide(fragment).commit();
                }
    
            //设置MenuItem的选择回调
            mLeftMenuFragment.setOnMenuItemSelectedListener(new LeftMenuFragment.OnMenuItemSelectedListener() {
                @Override
                public void menuItemSelected(String title) {
    
                    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
                    ContentFragment fragment = (ContentFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(title);
                    if (fragment == mCurrentFragment) {
                        mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
                        return;
                    }
    
                    FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
                    transaction.hide(mCurrentFragment);
    
                    if (fragment == null) {
                        fragment = ContentFragment.newInstance(title);
                        transaction.add(R.id.id_content_container, fragment, title);
                    } else {
                        transaction.show(fragment);
                    }
                    transaction.commit();
    
                    mCurrentFragment = fragment;
                    mTitle = title;
                    mToolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
                    mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
    
    
                }
            });
    
        }
    
        private void restoreTitle(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            if (savedInstanceState != null)
                mTitle = savedInstanceState.getString(KEY_TITLLE);
    
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mTitle)) {
                mTitle = getResources().getStringArray(
                        R.array.array_left_menu)[0];
            }
    
            mToolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
        }
    
    
        @Override
        protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
            super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
            outState.putString(KEY_TITLLE, mTitle);
        }
    
        private void initToolBar() {
    
            Toolbar toolbar = mToolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
            // App Logo
            // toolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
            // Title
            toolbar.setTitle(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.array_left_menu)[0]);
            // Sub Title
            // toolbar.setSubtitle("Sub title");
    
    //        toolbar.setTitleTextAppearance();
    
    
            setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
    
    
            //Navigation Icon
            toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.ic_toc_white_24dp);
            /*
            toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
                    return false;
                }
            });*/
    
        }
    
        private void initViews() {
    
            mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_drawerlayout);
    
            mActionBarDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this,
                    mDrawerLayout, mToolbar, R.string.open, R.string.close);
            mActionBarDrawerToggle.syncState();
            mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mActionBarDrawerToggle);
    
    
        }
    }

    内容区域的切换是通过Fragment hide和show实现的,毕竟如果用replace,如果Fragment的view结构比较复杂,可能会有卡顿。当然了,注意每个Fragment占据的内存情况,如果内存不足,可能需要改变实现方式。 
    对于旋转屏幕或者应用长时间置于后台,Activity重建的问题,做了简单的处理。

    对了,写布局的时候,可以尽可能的去考虑 Material design 的规范。

    5、参考资料

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenxibobo/p/6136653.html
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