众所周知,在使用ActionBar的时候,一堆的问题:这个文字能不能定制,位置能不能改变,图标的间距怎么控制神马的,由此暴露出了ActionBar设计的不灵活。为此官方提供了ToolBar,并且提供了supprot library用于向下兼容。Toolbar之所以灵活,是因为它其实就是一个ViewGroup,我们在使用的时候和普通的组件一样,在布局文件中声明。
(1)ToolBar的引入
既然准备用ToolBar,首先看看如何将其引入到app中。
1)隐藏原本的ActionBar
隐藏可以通过修改我们继承的主题为:Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar
,当然也可以通过设置以下属性完成:
<item name="windowActionBar">false</item>
<item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
我们这里选择前者:
<style name="AppBaseTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
<!-- customize the color palette -->
<item name="colorPrimary">@color/material_blue_500</item>
<item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/material_blue_700</item>
<item name="colorAccent">@color/material_green_A200</item>
</style>
2)在布局文件中声明
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/id_toolbar"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent" />
<android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
app:useDefaultMargins="true"
app:columnCount="3">
<TextView
android:text="First Name:"
app:layout_gravity="right" />
<EditText
android:ems="10"
app:layout_columnSpan="2" />
<TextView
android:text="Last Name:"
app:layout_column="0"
app:layout_gravity="right" />
<EditText
android:ems="10"
app:layout_columnSpan="2" />
<TextView
android:text="Visit Type:"
app:layout_column="0"
app:layout_gravity="right" />
<RadioGroup app:layout_columnSpan="2">
<RadioButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Business" />
<RadioButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Social" />
</RadioGroup>
<Button
android:text="Ok"
app:layout_column="1" />
<Button
android:text="Cancel"
app:layout_column="2" />
</android.support.v7.widget.GridLayout>
</LinearLayout>
ok,这里我们也贴出来上面图片的效果的xml,使用GridLayout实现的,有兴趣的可以研究下。可以看到我们在布局文件中定义了ToolBar。
3)代码中设定
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
}
ok,基本就是先隐藏ActionBar,然后在布局文件中声明,最后代码中设定一下。现在看一下效果图:
可以看到我们的ToolBar显示出来了,默认的Title为ToolBar,但是这个样式实在是不敢恭维,下面看我们如何定制它。
(2)定制ToolBar
首先给它一个nice的背景色,还记得前面的colorPrimary么,用于控制ActionBar的背景色的。当然这里我们的ToolBar就是一个普通的ViewGroup在布局中,所以我们直接使用background就好,值可以为:?attr/colorPrimary
使用主题中定义的值。
ToolBar中包含Nav Icon , Logo , Title , Sub Title , Menu Items 。
我们可以通过代码设置上述ToolBar中的控件:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
// App Logo
toolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
// Title
toolbar.setTitle("App Title");
// Sub Title
toolbar.setSubtitle("Sub title");
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//Navigation Icon
toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.ic_toc_white_24dp);
}
可选方案
当然如果你喜欢,也可以在布局文件中去设置部分属性:
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/id_toolbar"
app:title="App Title"
app:subtitle="Sub Title"
app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_toc_white_24dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"/>
至于Menu Item,依然支持在menu/menu_main.xml去声明,然后复写onCreateOptionsMenu
和onOptionsItemSelected
即可。
可选方案
也可以通过toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener
实现点击MenuItem的回调。
toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
return false;
}
});
效果图:
关于字体的样式,可以在布局文件设置属性app:titleTextAppearance
、app:subtitleTextAppearance
或者代码setTitleTextAppearance
、setSubTitleTextAppearance
设置。
4、实战
简单介绍了Toolbar以后呢,我们决定做点有意思的事,整合ToolBar,DrawerLayout,ActionBarDrawerToggle写个实用的例子,效果图如下:
ok,简单处理了下横纵屏幕的切换。接下来看代码实现。
- 大致思路
整体实现还是比较容易的,首先需要引入DrawerLayout(如果你对DrawerLayout不了解,可以参考
Android DrawerLayout 高仿QQ5.2双向侧滑菜单),然后去初始化mActionBarDrawerToggle
,mActionBarDrawerToggle实际上是个DrawerListener
,设置mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mActionBarDrawerToggle);
就已经能够实现上面点击Nav Icon切换效果了。当然了细节还是挺多的。
我们的效果图,左侧菜单为Fragment,内容区域为Fragment,点击左侧菜单切换内容区域的Fragment即可。关于Fragment的知识,可以查看:Android Fragment 你应该知道的一切
- 布局文件
activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#ffffffff"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<!--app:subtitle="Sub Title"-->
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/id_toolbar"
app:title="App Title"
app:navigationIcon="@drawable/ic_toc_white_24dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary" />
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
android:id="@+id/id_drawerlayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/id_content_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/id_left_menu_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:background="#ffffffff"></FrameLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</LinearLayout>
DrawerLayout中包含两个FrameLayout,分别放内容区域和左侧菜单的Fragment。
- LeftMenuFragment
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ListView;
/**
* Created by zhy on 15/4/26.
*/
public class LeftMenuFragment extends ListFragment {
private static final int SIZE_MENU_ITEM = 3;
private MenuItem[] mItems = new MenuItem[SIZE_MENU_ITEM];
private LeftMenuAdapter mAdapter;
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getActivity());
MenuItem menuItem = null;
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE_MENU_ITEM; i++) {
menuItem = new MenuItem(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.array_left_menu)[i], false, R.drawable.music_36px, R.drawable.music_36px_light);
mItems[i] = menuItem;
}
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
setListAdapter(mAdapter = new LeftMenuAdapter(getActivity(), mItems));
}
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
if (mMenuItemSelectedListener != null) {
mMenuItemSelectedListener.menuItemSelected(((MenuItem) getListAdapter().getItem(position)).text);
}
mAdapter.setSelected(position);
}
//选择回调的接口
public interface OnMenuItemSelectedListener {
void menuItemSelected(String title);
}
private OnMenuItemSelectedListener mMenuItemSelectedListener;
public void setOnMenuItemSelectedListener(OnMenuItemSelectedListener menuItemSelectedListener) {
this.mMenuItemSelectedListener = menuItemSelectedListener;
}
}
继承自ListFragment,主要用于展示各个Item,提供了一个选择Item的回调,这个需要在Activity中去注册处理。
- LeftMenuAdapter
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
/**
* Created by zhy on 15/4/26.
*/
public class LeftMenuAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<MenuItem> {
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
private int mSelected;
public LeftMenuAdapter(Context context, MenuItem[] objects) {
super(context, -1, objects);
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_left_menu, parent, false);
}
ImageView iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_item_icon);
TextView title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_item_title);
title.setText(getItem(position).text);
iv.setImageResource(getItem(position).icon);
convertView.setBackgroundColor(Color.TRANSPARENT);
if (position == mSelected) {
iv.setImageResource(getItem(position).iconSelected);
convertView.setBackgroundColor(getContext().getResources().getColor(R.color.state_menu_item_selected));
}
return convertView;
}
public void setSelected(int position) {
this.mSelected = position;
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
package com.zhy.toolbar;
public class MenuItem {
public MenuItem(String text, boolean isSelected, int icon, int iconSelected) {
this.text = text;
this.isSelected = isSelected;
this.icon = icon;
this.iconSelected = iconSelected;
}
boolean isSelected;
String text;
int icon;
int iconSelected;
}
Adapter没撒说的~~提供了一个setSection方法用于设置选中Item的样式什么的。
接下来看ContentFragment,仅仅只是一个TextView而已,所以代码也比较easy。
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
/**
* Created by zhy on 15/4/26.
*/
public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "key_title";
private String mTitle;
public static ContentFragment newInstance(String title) {
ContentFragment fragment = new ContentFragment();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString(KEY_TITLE, title);
fragment.setArguments(bundle);
return fragment;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
TextView tv = new TextView(getActivity());
String title = (String) getArguments().get(KEY_TITLE);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title))
{
tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
tv.setTextSize(40);
tv.setText(title);
}
return tv;
}
}
提供newInstance接收一个title参数去实例化它。
最后就是我们的MainActivity了,负责管理各种Fragment。
- MainActivity
package com.zhy.toolbar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Gravity;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ActionBarDrawerToggle mActionBarDrawerToggle;
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private Toolbar mToolbar;
private LeftMenuFragment mLeftMenuFragment;
private ContentFragment mCurrentFragment;
private String mTitle;
private static final String TAG = "com.zhy.toolbar";
private static final String KEY_TITLLE = "key_title";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initToolBar();
initViews();
//恢复title
restoreTitle(savedInstanceState);
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
//查找当前显示的Fragment
mCurrentFragment = (ContentFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(mTitle);
if (mCurrentFragment == null) {
mCurrentFragment = ContentFragment.newInstance(mTitle);
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.id_content_container, mCurrentFragment, mTitle).commit();
}
mLeftMenuFragment = (LeftMenuFragment) fm.findFragmentById(R.id.id_left_menu_container);
if (mLeftMenuFragment == null) {
mLeftMenuFragment = new LeftMenuFragment();
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.id_left_menu_container, mLeftMenuFragment).commit();
}
//隐藏别的Fragment,如果存在的话
List<Fragment> fragments = fm.getFragments();
if (fragments != null)
for (Fragment fragment : fragments) {
if (fragment == mCurrentFragment || fragment == mLeftMenuFragment) continue;
fm.beginTransaction().hide(fragment).commit();
}
//设置MenuItem的选择回调
mLeftMenuFragment.setOnMenuItemSelectedListener(new LeftMenuFragment.OnMenuItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void menuItemSelected(String title) {
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
ContentFragment fragment = (ContentFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(title);
if (fragment == mCurrentFragment) {
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
return;
}
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
transaction.hide(mCurrentFragment);
if (fragment == null) {
fragment = ContentFragment.newInstance(title);
transaction.add(R.id.id_content_container, fragment, title);
} else {
transaction.show(fragment);
}
transaction.commit();
mCurrentFragment = fragment;
mTitle = title;
mToolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
}
});
}
private void restoreTitle(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (savedInstanceState != null)
mTitle = savedInstanceState.getString(KEY_TITLLE);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mTitle)) {
mTitle = getResources().getStringArray(
R.array.array_left_menu)[0];
}
mToolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
outState.putString(KEY_TITLLE, mTitle);
}
private void initToolBar() {
Toolbar toolbar = mToolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.id_toolbar);
// App Logo
// toolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
// Title
toolbar.setTitle(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.array_left_menu)[0]);
// Sub Title
// toolbar.setSubtitle("Sub title");
// toolbar.setTitleTextAppearance();
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//Navigation Icon
toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.ic_toc_white_24dp);
/*
toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
return false;
}
});*/
}
private void initViews() {
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_drawerlayout);
mActionBarDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this,
mDrawerLayout, mToolbar, R.string.open, R.string.close);
mActionBarDrawerToggle.syncState();
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mActionBarDrawerToggle);
}
}
内容区域的切换是通过Fragment hide和show实现的,毕竟如果用replace,如果Fragment的view结构比较复杂,可能会有卡顿。当然了,注意每个Fragment占据的内存情况,如果内存不足,可能需要改变实现方式。
对于旋转屏幕或者应用长时间置于后台,Activity重建的问题,做了简单的处理。
对了,写布局的时候,可以尽可能的去考虑 Material design 的规范。