mysql累积聚合

累积聚合为聚合从序列内第一个元素到当前元素的数据，如为每个员工返回每月开始到现在累积的订单数量和平均订单数量

行号问题有两个解决方案，分别是为使用子查询和使用连接。子查询的方法通常比较直观，可读性强。但是在要求进行聚合时，子查询需要为每个聚合扫描一次数据，而连接方法通常只需要扫描一次就可以得到结果。下面的查询使用连接来得到结果

SELECT
  a.empid,
  a.ordermonth,a.qty AS thismonth,
  SUM(b.qty) AS total,
  CAST(AVG(b.qty) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) AS avg
FROM emporders a 
INNER JOIN emporders b
    ON a.empid=b.empid
    AND b.ordermonth <= a.ordermonth
GROUP BY a.empid,a.ordermonth,a.qty
ORDER BY a.empid,a.ordermonth

如果只是查询2015年的累积订单，可以加上以where条件

WHERE DATE_FORMAT(a.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015' AND DATE_FORMAT(b.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015'

运行结果如下

此外可能还需要筛选数据，例如只需要返回每个员工到达某一目标之前每月订单的情况。这里假设统计每个员工的合计订单数量达到1000之前的累积情况。

这里可以使用HAVING过滤器来完成查询

SELECT
  a.empid,
  a.ordermonth,a.qty AS thismonth,
  SUM(b.qty) AS total,
  CAST(AVG(b.qty) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) AS avg
FROM emporders a 
INNER JOIN emporders b
    ON a.empid=b.empid
    AND b.ordermonth <= a.ordermonth
WHERE DATE_FORMAT(a.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015' AND DATE_FORMAT(b.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015'
GROUP BY a.empid,a.ordermonth,a.qty
HAVING total<1000
ORDER BY a.empid,a.ordermonth

这里并没有统计到达到1000时该月的情况，如果要进行统计，则情况又有点复杂。如果指定了total <= 1000，则只有该月订单数量正好为1000才进行统计，否则不会对该月进行统计。因此这个问题的过滤，可以从另外一个方面来考虑。当累积累积订单小于1000时，累积订单与上个月的订单之差是小于1000的，同时也能对第一个订单数量超过1000的月份进行统计。故该解决方案的SQL语句如下

SELECT
  a.empid,
  a.ordermonth,a.qty AS thismonth,
  SUM(b.qty) AS total,
  CAST(AVG(b.qty) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) AS avg
FROM emporders a 
INNER JOIN emporders b
    ON a.empid=b.empid
    AND b.ordermonth <= a.ordermonth
WHERE DATE_FORMAT(a.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015' AND DATE_FORMAT(b.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015'
GROUP BY a.empid,a.ordermonth,a.qty
HAVING total-a.qty < 1000
ORDER BY a.empid,a.ordermonth

运行结果如下

如果只想返回达到累积订单数为1000的当月数据，不返回之前的月份，则可以对上述SQL语句

进一步过滤，再添加累积订单数量大于等于1000的条件。该问题的SQL语句如下，

SELECT
  a.empid,
  a.ordermonth,a.qty AS thismonth,
  SUM(b.qty) AS total,
  CAST(AVG(b.qty) AS DECIMAL(5,2)) AS avg
FROM emporders a 
INNER JOIN emporders b
    ON a.empid=b.empid
    AND b.ordermonth <= a.ordermonth
WHERE DATE_FORMAT(a.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015' AND DATE_FORMAT(b.ordermonth,'%Y')='2015'
GROUP BY a.empid,a.ordermonth,a.qty
HAVING total-a.qty < 1000 AND total >= 1000
ORDER BY a.empid,a.ordermonth

运行结果如下