当我们运行java程序时,发现程序不动,但又不知道是哪里出问题时,可以使用JDK自带的jstack工具去定位;
废话不说,直接上例子吧,在window平台上的;
死循环
写个死循环的程序如下:
package concurrency; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { while (true) { } } }
先运行以上程序,程序进入死循环;
打开cmd,输入jps命令,jps很简单可以直接显示java进程的pid,如下为7588:
或者输入tasklist,找到javaw.exe的PID,如下为7588:
输入jstack 7588命令,找到跟我们自己代码相关的线程,如下为main线程,处于runnable状态,在main方法的第八行,也就是我们死循环的位置:
Object.wait()情况
写个小程序,调用wait使其中一线程等待,如下:
package concurrency; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; class TestTask implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { synchronized (this) { try { //等待被唤醒 wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ExecutorService ex = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1); ex.execute(new TestTask()); } }
同样我们先找到javaw.exe的PID,再利用jstack分析该PID,很快我们就找到了一个线程处于WAITING状态,在Test.java文件13行处,正是我们调用wait方法的地方,说明该线程目前还没等到notify,如下:
死锁
写个简单的死锁例子,如下:
package concurrency; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; class TestTask implements Runnable { private Object obj1; private Object obj2; private int order; public TestTask(int order, Object obj1, Object obj2) { this.order = order; this.obj1 = obj1; this.obj2 = obj2; } public void test1() throws InterruptedException { synchronized (obj1) { //建议线程调取器切换到其它线程运行 Thread.yield(); synchronized (obj2) { System.out.println("test。。。"); } } } public void test2() throws InterruptedException { synchronized (obj2) { Thread.yield(); synchronized (obj1) { System.out.println("test。。。"); } } } @Override public void run() { while (true) { try { if(this.order == 1){ this.test1(); }else{ this.test2(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Object obj1 = new Object(); Object obj2 = new Object(); ExecutorService ex = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); // 起10个线程 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { int order = i%2==0 ? 1 : 0; ex.execute(new TestTask(order, obj1, obj2)); } } }
同样我们先找到javaw.exe的PID,再利用jstack分析该PID,很快jstack就帮我们找到了死锁的位置,如下所示:
等待IO
写个简单的等待用户输入例子:
package concurrency; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException { InputStream is = System.in; int i = is.read(); System.out.println("exit。"); } }
同样我们先找到javaw.exe的PID,再利用jstack分析该PID,很快jstack就帮我们找到了位置,Test.java文件12行,如下所示:
其它
像调用sleep使线程进入睡眠,suspend()暂停线程等就不举例了,都是类似的;