• hibernate关联关系(一对多)


    1.什么是关联关系?

    关联关系是指两个实体或者表有相互关联,比如在订单表中,订单项表有订单id,那么订单项表中的订单id就关联订单项表中订单Id字段。因此关联关系,可以看成是一种外键关系。

    2.为什么要有关联关系?

    为了实现级联操作,删除订单中某个列段,会连带删除订单项表中相对应的列段,以便维护表数据的一致性。

    配置文件:

    SessionFactoryUtils

    package com.chenjiahao.two.util;
    
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
    
    public class SessionFactoryUtils {
    	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    	static {
    		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
    		sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
    	}
    	
    	public static Session openSession() {
    		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    		if(session == null) {
    			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    		}
    		return session;
    	}
    	
    	public static void closeSession() {
    		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    		if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
    			session.close();
    		}
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		session.beginTransaction();
    		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
    		SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
    		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
    	}
    }
    

      实体类配置文件:

    Order

    package com.chenjiahao.three.entity;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class Order {
    
    	private Integer orderId;
    	private String orderNo;
    	//建立了关联关系,一个订单对应多个订单项
        private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<>();
        private Integer initChildren=0;//0是懒加载 1,fasle
        
        
    	public Integer getInitChildren() {
    		return initChildren;
    	}
    
    	public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
    		this.initChildren = initChildren;
    	}
    
    	public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
    		return orderItems;
    	}
    
    	public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
    		this.orderItems = orderItems;
    	}
    
    	public Integer getOrderId() {
    		return orderId;
    	}
    
    	public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
    		this.orderId = orderId;
    	}
    
    	public String getOrderNo() {
    		return orderNo;
    	}
    
    	public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
    		this.orderNo = orderNo;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + "]";
    	}
    
    }
    

      OrderItem

    package com.chenjiahao.three.entity;
    
    public class OrderItem {
    
    	private Integer orderItemId;
    	private Integer productId;
    	private Integer quantity;
    	private Integer oid;
    	//建立关联关系 一个订单对应的是一个订单
    	private Order order;
    	
    
    	public Order getOrder() {
    		return order;
    	}
    
    	public void setOrder(Order order) {
    		this.order = order;
    	}
    
    	public Integer getOrderItemId() {
    		return orderItemId;
    	}
    
    	public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
    		this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
    	}
    
    	public Integer getProductId() {
    		return productId;
    	}
    
    	public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
    		this.productId = productId;
    	}
    
    	public Integer getQuantity() {
    		return quantity;
    	}
    
    	public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
    		this.quantity = quantity;
    	}
    
    	public Integer getOid() {
    		return oid;
    	}
    
    	public void setOid(Integer oid) {
    		this.oid = oid;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity
    				+ ", oid=" + oid + "]";
    	}
    
    }
    

      配置hibernate.cfg.xml( 红色字体)

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    	<hibernate-configuration>
    	<session-factory>
    		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
    		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
    		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
    		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/T224?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
    		</property>
    		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
    
    		<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
    		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
    
    		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
    		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
    		<property name="format_sql">true</property>
    
    		<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
    		<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
    		<!-- 讲解主键生成 策略-->
    		<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>	
    		<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml"/>
    		<!-- 一对多 -->
    		<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>	
            <mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>	
    	</session-factory>
    </hibernate-configuration>
    

      


    实体类xml配置文件:

    bag标签:
    lazy:是否懒加载,默认是懒加载的 true
    name:类的关联属性名
    cascade:级联关系 级联新增与修改
    inverse:关联关系交给对方控制默认是true,当前类不维护关联关系

    子标签key:
    column:主表的主键,从标的外键

    子标签one-to-many:外键对应的实体类

     Order.hbm.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
    		<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
    			<generator class="increment" />
    		</id>
    		<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
    		</property>
    	<bag lazy="true" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
    		       <key column="oid"></key>
    		       <one-to-many class="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
    		</bag>
    	</class>
    
    </hibernate-mapping>
    

    OrderItem.hbm.xml

    insert="fasle' update ="fasle" 这个属性只能给一个oid

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
    	<class name="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
    		<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
    			<generator class="increment" />
    		</id>
    		<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
    		</property>
    		<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
    		</property>
    		<!--  Repeated column in mapping for entity -->
    		<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
    		</property>
    		<many-to-one name="order" class="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
    	</class>
    </hibernate-mapping>
    

      DemoDao

    package com.chenjiahao.three.dao;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.Transaction;
    
    import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order;
    import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem;
    import com.chenjiahao.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
    
    public class DemoDao {
    	/**
    	 * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
    	 * 	讲解insert=false,update=false的用途
    	 * @param order
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    		Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
    		transaction.commit();
    		session.close();
    		return oid;
    	}
    	
    	public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    		Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
    		transaction.commit();
    		session.close();
    		return otid;
    	}
    	
    	
    	
    	/**
    	 * 为了讲解懒加载的问题(hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式)
    	 * 	1、查单个时存在问题,代理对象已经关闭
    	 * 	2、查多个存在问题,有性能的问题
    	 * @param order
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public Order getOrder(Order order) {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    		Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
    		if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
    			//强制加载关联对象
    			Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
    //			System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
    		}
    		transaction.commit();
    		session.close();
    		return o;
    	}
    	
    	public List<Order> getOrderList() {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    		List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
    		transaction.commit();
    		session.close();
    		return list;
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * z主表的数据不能随便删除,得先删除从表中对应信息,才能删除主表的信息。
    	 * @param order
    	 */
    	public void delOrder(Order order) {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    		Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
    		for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
    			session.delete(oi);
    		}
    		session.delete(order2);
    //		session.delete(order);
    		transaction.commit();
    		session.close();
    	}
    }
    

      测试:junit

    package com.chenjiahao.three.dao;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order;
    import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem;
    /**
     * @Before每测试一个@test标记的测试方法,都会调用之前执行一次
     * @After每测试一个@test标记的测试方法,都会调用之后执行一次
     * @author dell
     *
     */
    public class DemoDaoTest {
      
    	 private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao();
    //	@Before
    //	public void setUp() throws Exception {
    //		System.out.println("加载资源");
    //	}
    //
    //	@After
    //	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
    //		System.out.println("释放资源");
    //	}
    
    	@Test//同时给两张表添加数据
    	public void testAddOrder() {
    		Order order=new Order();
    		order.setOrderNo("honor20");//订单编号,因为id是自增列不用管
    		OrderItem orderItem =null;
    		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    			orderItem = new OrderItem();
    			orderItem.setProductId(19+i);
    			orderItem.setQuantity(26+i);
    			//维护关系
    			orderItem.setOrder(order);//给订单项里面的属性赋值
    			order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
    		}
    		demoDao.addOrder(order);
    		
    	}
    
    	@Test//给原有的订单表添加订单项
    	public void testAddOrderItem() {
    		//添加一条数据
    //		OrderItem orderItem = new OrderItem();
    //		orderItem.setProductId(12);
    //		orderItem.setQuantity(41);
    //		Order order=new Order();
    //		order.setOrderId(2);
    //		order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
    //		orderItem.setOrder(order);
    //		demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
    		//添加多条数据
    	    OrderItem orderItem = null;		
    		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    			orderItem = new OrderItem();
    			orderItem.setProductId(10+i);
    			orderItem.setQuantity(20+i);
    			//维护关系
    			Order order=new Order();
    			order.setOrderId(2);//订单id
    			order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
    			orderItem.setOrder(order);
    			demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
    		}
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void testGetOrder() {
    		Order order = new Order();
    		order.setOrderId(3);
    		order.setInitChildren(1);
    		Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order);
    		//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 
    		//com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order.orderItems, 
    		//could not initialize proxy - no Session
    		//原因:操作了两次数据库,当layz等于false的时候,会让hibernate执行两次操作,session才会关闭
    		//当layz等于true的时候,会让hibernate执行一次操作,session就会关闭
    		//从上面看layz等于false更好,但是为什么hibernate默认让它等于true?
    		//处于性能的考虑,所以hibernate3.0出现lazy这个属性,并让它默认等于true,也就是说不加载关联属性
    		List<OrderItem> orderItems = o.getOrderItems();
    		for (OrderItem orderItem : orderItems) {
    			System.out.println(orderItem);
    		}
    		System.out.println("id为3的订单:"+o);
    		
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void testGetOrderList() {
    		List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList();
    		for (Order order : orderList) {
    			for (OrderItem orderItem : order.getOrderItems()) {
    				System.out.println(orderItem);
    			}
    			System.out.println(order);
    		}
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void testDelOrder() {
    		Order order=new Order();
    		order.setOrderId(2);
    		this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
    	}
    
    }
    

      

    懒加载:

          只有在使用时,他才会发出SQL语句,查询数据,如果不使用对象则不会发出SQL语句进行查询。

          Hibernate的lazy生效期:
          生效期和session一样的,session关闭,lazy失效
          hibernate支持lazy策略只在session打开状态下有效

    	@Test
    	public void testGetOrder() {
    		Order order = new Order();
    		order.setOrderId(3);
    		order.setInitChildren(1);
    		Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order);
    		//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 
    		//com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order.orderItems, 
    		//could not initialize proxy - no Session
    		//原因:操作了两次数据库,当layz等于false的时候,会让hibernate执行两次操作,session才会关闭
    
    		List<OrderItem> orderItems = o.getOrderItems();
    		for (OrderItem orderItem : orderItems) {
    			System.out.println(orderItem);
    		}
    		System.out.println("id为3的订单:"+o);
    		
    	}
    

      在order类中(也就是主表)加一个属性:

     private Integer initChildren=0;//0是懒加载 1,fasle
    

      在domedao类里的get加:

    public Order getOrder(Order order) {
    		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
    		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    		Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
    		if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
    			//强制加载关联对象
    			Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
    //			System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
    		}
    		transaction.commit();
    		session.close();
    		return o;
    	}
    

      从而可以控制是否懒加载

        hibernate框架一对多的执行原理:
    1、对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模,等到sessionfactory对象
    2、并且拿到mapping resoutrce里的内容
    3、拿到了Order.hbm.xml配置文件
    4、可以再次建模,拿到com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order(实体类),以及t_hibernate_order(数据库表名)
           类属性,以及表列段
    5、生成动态的sql:select ordeerId,orderNo from t_hibernate_order;
             执行sql最终得到meterDate源数据模型
             ordeerId,orderNo
                1            p20
                3             p30
    6、Order o1=Class.forName().newInstance();
                o1.setOrderId(1);
                o1.setOrderNo(p1);
                 .....
                最终得到:
                List<Order> List=new ArrayList();
                List.add(01);
                 ...
               最终list中的所有order实列都有值了:(这里只是处理表里的非外加列段,原理完全跟baseDao一样)

    7、处理关联关系:(通过建模可以得到Order.hbm.xml所有的属性)orderItems oid com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem
                                   通过one-to-many这个标签以及calss对应的全路径名对应的专属映射文件
                              也就是找到了Order.item.xml文件,拿到了它之后就可以拿到table t_hibernate_order_item
    8、select * from t_hibernate_order_item;
                      最终得到一个list<OrderItem> orderItems
    9、 给order的关联关系属性赋值
                    List<Order> List=new ArrayList();
                    for(Order o: list){
                    o.setOrderItems(orderItems);
                    }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenjiahao9527/p/11191333.html
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