1.什么是关联关系?
关联关系是指两个实体或者表有相互关联,比如在订单表中,订单项表有订单id,那么订单项表中的订单id就关联订单项表中订单Id字段。因此关联关系,可以看成是一种外键关系。
2.为什么要有关联关系?
为了实现级联操作,删除订单中某个列段,会连带删除订单项表中相对应的列段,以便维护表数据的一致性。
配置文件:
SessionFactoryUtils
package com.chenjiahao.two.util; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class SessionFactoryUtils { private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; static { Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml"); sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(); } public static Session openSession() { Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); if(session == null) { session = sessionFactory.openSession(); } return session; } public static void closeSession() { Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); if(session != null && session.isOpen()) { session.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); session.beginTransaction(); System.out.println(session.isConnected()); SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession(); System.out.println(session.isConnected()); } }
实体类配置文件:
Order
package com.chenjiahao.three.entity; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Order { private Integer orderId; private String orderNo; //建立了关联关系,一个订单对应多个订单项 private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<>(); private Integer initChildren=0;//0是懒加载 1,fasle public Integer getInitChildren() { return initChildren; } public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) { this.initChildren = initChildren; } public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() { return orderItems; } public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) { this.orderItems = orderItems; } public Integer getOrderId() { return orderId; } public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) { this.orderId = orderId; } public String getOrderNo() { return orderNo; } public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) { this.orderNo = orderNo; } @Override public String toString() { return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + "]"; } }
OrderItem
package com.chenjiahao.three.entity; public class OrderItem { private Integer orderItemId; private Integer productId; private Integer quantity; private Integer oid; //建立关联关系 一个订单对应的是一个订单 private Order order; public Order getOrder() { return order; } public void setOrder(Order order) { this.order = order; } public Integer getOrderItemId() { return orderItemId; } public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) { this.orderItemId = orderItemId; } public Integer getProductId() { return productId; } public void setProductId(Integer productId) { this.productId = productId; } public Integer getQuantity() { return quantity; } public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) { this.quantity = quantity; } public Integer getOid() { return oid; } public void setOid(Integer oid) { this.oid = oid; } @Override public String toString() { return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid=" + oid + "]"; } }
配置hibernate.cfg.xml( 红色字体)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/T224?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
<!-- 讲解主键生成 策略-->
<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml"/>
<!-- 一对多 -->
<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/chenjiahao/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
实体类xml配置文件:
bag标签:
lazy:是否懒加载,默认是懒加载的 true
name:类的关联属性名
cascade:级联关系 级联新增与修改
inverse:关联关系交给对方控制默认是true,当前类不维护关联关系
子标签key:
column:主表的主键,从标的外键
子标签one-to-many:外键对应的实体类
Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order"> <id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id"> <generator class="increment" /> </id> <property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no"> </property> <bag lazy="true" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true"> <key column="oid"></key> <one-to-many class="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem"/> </bag> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml
insert="fasle' update ="fasle" 这个属性只能给一个oid
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item"> <id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id"> <generator class="increment" /> </id> <property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id"> </property> <property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity"> </property> <!-- Repeated column in mapping for entity --> <property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false"> </property> <many-to-one name="order" class="com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
DemoDao
package com.chenjiahao.three.dao; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Hibernate; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order; import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem; import com.chenjiahao.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils; public class DemoDao { /** * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确 * 讲解insert=false,update=false的用途 * @param order * @return */ public Integer addOrder(Order order) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order); transaction.commit(); session.close(); return oid; } public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem); transaction.commit(); session.close(); return otid; } /** * 为了讲解懒加载的问题(hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式) * 1、查单个时存在问题,代理对象已经关闭 * 2、查多个存在问题,有性能的问题 * @param order * @return */ public Order getOrder(Order order) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId()); if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) { //强制加载关联对象 Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems()); // System.out.println(o.getOrderItems()); } transaction.commit(); session.close(); return o; } public List<Order> getOrderList() { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list(); transaction.commit(); session.close(); return list; } /** * z主表的数据不能随便删除,得先删除从表中对应信息,才能删除主表的信息。 * @param order */ public void delOrder(Order order) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId()); for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) { session.delete(oi); } session.delete(order2); // session.delete(order); transaction.commit(); session.close(); } }
测试:junit
package com.chenjiahao.three.dao; import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.util.List; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order; import com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem; /** * @Before每测试一个@test标记的测试方法,都会调用之前执行一次 * @After每测试一个@test标记的测试方法,都会调用之后执行一次 * @author dell * */ public class DemoDaoTest { private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao(); // @Before // public void setUp() throws Exception { // System.out.println("加载资源"); // } // // @After // public void tearDown() throws Exception { // System.out.println("释放资源"); // } @Test//同时给两张表添加数据 public void testAddOrder() { Order order=new Order(); order.setOrderNo("honor20");//订单编号,因为id是自增列不用管 OrderItem orderItem =null; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { orderItem = new OrderItem(); orderItem.setProductId(19+i); orderItem.setQuantity(26+i); //维护关系 orderItem.setOrder(order);//给订单项里面的属性赋值 order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem); } demoDao.addOrder(order); } @Test//给原有的订单表添加订单项 public void testAddOrderItem() { //添加一条数据 // OrderItem orderItem = new OrderItem(); // orderItem.setProductId(12); // orderItem.setQuantity(41); // Order order=new Order(); // order.setOrderId(2); // order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem); // orderItem.setOrder(order); // demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem); //添加多条数据 OrderItem orderItem = null; for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { orderItem = new OrderItem(); orderItem.setProductId(10+i); orderItem.setQuantity(20+i); //维护关系 Order order=new Order(); order.setOrderId(2);//订单id order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem); orderItem.setOrder(order); demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem); } } @Test public void testGetOrder() { Order order = new Order(); order.setOrderId(3); order.setInitChildren(1); Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order); //failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: //com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order.orderItems, //could not initialize proxy - no Session //原因:操作了两次数据库,当layz等于false的时候,会让hibernate执行两次操作,session才会关闭 //当layz等于true的时候,会让hibernate执行一次操作,session就会关闭 //从上面看layz等于false更好,但是为什么hibernate默认让它等于true? //处于性能的考虑,所以hibernate3.0出现lazy这个属性,并让它默认等于true,也就是说不加载关联属性 List<OrderItem> orderItems = o.getOrderItems(); for (OrderItem orderItem : orderItems) { System.out.println(orderItem); } System.out.println("id为3的订单:"+o); } @Test public void testGetOrderList() { List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList(); for (Order order : orderList) { for (OrderItem orderItem : order.getOrderItems()) { System.out.println(orderItem); } System.out.println(order); } } @Test public void testDelOrder() { Order order=new Order(); order.setOrderId(2); this.demoDao.delOrder(order); } }
懒加载:
只有在使用时,他才会发出SQL语句,查询数据,如果不使用对象则不会发出SQL语句进行查询。
Hibernate的lazy生效期:
生效期和session一样的,session关闭,lazy失效
hibernate支持lazy策略只在session打开状态下有效
@Test public void testGetOrder() { Order order = new Order(); order.setOrderId(3); order.setInitChildren(1); Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order); //failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: //com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order.orderItems, //could not initialize proxy - no Session //原因:操作了两次数据库,当layz等于false的时候,会让hibernate执行两次操作,session才会关闭 List<OrderItem> orderItems = o.getOrderItems(); for (OrderItem orderItem : orderItems) { System.out.println(orderItem); } System.out.println("id为3的订单:"+o); }
在order类中(也就是主表)加一个属性:
private Integer initChildren=0;//0是懒加载 1,fasle
在domedao类里的get加:
public Order getOrder(Order order) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId()); if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) { //强制加载关联对象 Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems()); // System.out.println(o.getOrderItems()); } transaction.commit(); session.close(); return o; }
从而可以控制是否懒加载
hibernate框架一对多的执行原理:
1、对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模,等到sessionfactory对象
2、并且拿到mapping resoutrce里的内容
3、拿到了Order.hbm.xml配置文件
4、可以再次建模,拿到com.chenjiahao.three.entity.Order(实体类),以及t_hibernate_order(数据库表名)
类属性,以及表列段
5、生成动态的sql:select ordeerId,orderNo from t_hibernate_order;
执行sql最终得到meterDate源数据模型
ordeerId,orderNo
1 p20
3 p30
6、Order o1=Class.forName().newInstance();
o1.setOrderId(1);
o1.setOrderNo(p1);
.....
最终得到:
List<Order> List=new ArrayList();
List.add(01);
...
最终list中的所有order实列都有值了:(这里只是处理表里的非外加列段,原理完全跟baseDao一样)
7、处理关联关系:(通过建模可以得到Order.hbm.xml所有的属性)orderItems oid com.chenjiahao.three.entity.OrderItem
通过one-to-many这个标签以及calss对应的全路径名对应的专属映射文件
也就是找到了Order.item.xml文件,拿到了它之后就可以拿到table t_hibernate_order_item
8、select * from t_hibernate_order_item;
最终得到一个list<OrderItem> orderItems
9、 给order的关联关系属性赋值
List<Order> List=new ArrayList();
for(Order o: list){
o.setOrderItems(orderItems);
}