• MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用


    一,mysql-mha环境准备

    1.1 实验环境:

    主机名IP地址(NAT)描述
    mysql-db01 eth0:192.168.0.51 系统:CentOS6.5(6.x都可以) 安装:mysql5.6
    mysql-db02 eth0:192.168.0.52 系统:CentOS6.5(6.x都可以) 安装:mysql5.6
    mysql-db03 eth0:192.168.0.53 系统:CentOS6.5(6.x都可以) 安装:mysql5.6

    1.2 软件包

    1) mha管理节点安装包:

    mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm

    mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz

    2) mha node节点安装包:

    mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm

    mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz

    3) mysql中间件:

    Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

    4) mysql源码安装包

    mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar

    1.3 主机名映射

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    192.168.0.51 mysql-db01
    192.168.0.52 mysql-db02
    192.168.0.53 mysql-db03

    1.4 关闭selinux和iptables

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux 
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux | grep -v "#"
    
    SELINUX=disabled
    SELINUXTYPE=targeted 
    
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# setenforce 0
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# service iptables stop
    iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
    iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
    iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

    二,简介

     

     软件简介

    • MHA(Master High Availability)目前在MySQL高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案,是一套优秀的作为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提升的高可用软件。在MySQL故障切换过程中,MHA能做到0~30秒之内自动完成数据库的故障切换操作,并且在进行故障切换过程中,MHA能最大程度上保证数据库的一致性,以达到真正意义上的高可用。
    • MHA由两部分组成:MHA Manager(管理节点)和MHA Node(数据节点)。MHA Manager可以独立部署在一台独立的机器上管理多个Master-Slave集群,也可以部署在一台Slave上。当Master出现故障时,它可以自动将最新数据的Slave提升为新的Master,然后将所有其他的Slave重新指向新的Master。整个故障转移过程对应程序是完全透明的。

     工作流程

    • 从宕机崩溃的master保存二进制日志事件(binlog events);
    • 识别含有最新更新的slave;
    • 应用差异的中继日志(relay log)到其他的slave;
    • 应用从master保存的二进制日志事件(binlog events);
    • 提升一个slave为新的master;
    • 使其他的slave连接新的master进行复制;

    2.4 MHA架构图

    QQ截图20170903190825.png-18.7kB

    2.5 MHA工具介绍

    MHA软件由两部分组成,Manager工具包和Node工具包,具体的说明如下:

    #Manager工具包主要包括以下几个工具:
    
    masterha_check_ssh          #检查MHA的SSH配置状况
    masterha_check_repl         #检查MySQL复制状况
    masterha_check_status       #检测当前MHA运行状态
    masterha_master_monitor     #检测master是否宕机
    masterha_manger             #启动MHA
    masterha_master_switch      #控制故障转移(自动或者手动)
    masterha_conf_host          #添加或删除配置的server信息
    masterha_secondary_check    #试图建立TCP连接从远程服务器
    masterha_stop               #停止MHA
    
    #Node工具包主要包括以下几个工具:
    
    save_binary_logs            #保存和复制master的二进制日志
    apply_diff_relay_logs       #识别差异的中继日志事件
    filter_mysqlbinlog          #去除不必要的ROLLBACK事件
    purge_relay_logs            #清除中继日志

    三,mysql环境准备

    3.1 环境检查

    • mysql-db01
    #系统版本
    [root@mysql-db01 bin]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
    [root@mysql-db01 bin]# uname -r
    2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
    [root@mysql-db01 bin]# hostname -I
    192.168.0.51 
    • mysql-db02
    #系统版本
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# uname -r
    2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# hostname -I
    192.168.0.52 
    • mysql-db03
    #系统版本
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# uname -r
    2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# hostname -I
    192.168.0.53 

    3.2 安装mysql

    3.2.1 安装包准备

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ls
    anaconda-ks.cfg     mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz              rpm
    install.log         mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz
    install.log.syslog  mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ll mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 305102088 Sep  3 21:33 mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

    3.2.2 安装(3台都装)

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install libaio
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# which mysqladmin
    /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin

    3.2.3 加入开机自启动并启动mysql

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld --list
    mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

    3.2.4 配置密码

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123123'

    四,配置基于GTID的主从复制

    4.1 先决条件

    • 主库和从库都要开启binlog
    • 主库和从库server-id不同
    • 要有主从复制用户

    4.2 主库操作(mysql-db01)

    4.2.1 修改配置文件

    #修改主库配置文件/etc/my.cnf
    [root@mysql-db01 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
    [client]
    socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    lower_case_table_names  = 1
    default-storage-engine  = InnoDB
    port            = 3306
    datadir         = /usr/local/mysql/data
    character-set-server    = utf8
    socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    
    log_bin         = mysql-bin     #开启binlog日志
    server_id       = 1             #设置server_id
    
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    slave-parallel-workers  = 8
    thread_cache_size   = 600
    back_log        = 600
    slave_net_timeout   = 60
    max_binlog_size     = 512M
    key_buffer_size     = 8M
    query_cache_size    = 64M
    join_buffer_size    = 2M
    sort_buffer_size    = 2M
    query_cache_type    = 1
    thread_stack        = 192K
    
    #重启动MySQL服务
    [root@mysql-db01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

    4.2.2 登陆MySQL删除不必要的用户并创建主从复制用户

    1)删除不必要的用户

     mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
    +------+------------+
    | user | host       |
    +------+------------+
    | root | 127.0.0.1  |
    | root | ::1        |
    |      | localhost  |
    | root | localhost  |
    |      | mysql-db01 |
    | root | mysql-db01 |
    +------+------------+
    6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> drop user root@'127.0.0.1';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> drop user root@'::1';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> drop user ' '@'localhost';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> drop user ' '@'mysql-db01';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
    +------+------------+
    | user | host       |
    +------+------------+
    | root | localhost  |
    | root | mysql-db01 |
    +------+------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    2)创建主从复制用户

    mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123123';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
    +------+-------------+
    | user | host        |
    +------+-------------+
    | rep  | 192.168.0.% |
    | root | localhost   |
    | root | mysql-db01  |
    +------+-------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show grants for rep@'192.168.0.%';
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Grants for rep@192.168.0.%                                                                                               |
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*E56A114692FE0DE073F9A1DD68A00EEB9703F3F1' |
    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    4.3 从库操作(mysql-db02和mysql-db03)

    4.3.1 修改配置文件

    #修改mysql-db02配置文件(和mysql-db01配置文件一致)
    #只需要修改server-id = 5选项
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
    [client]
    socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    lower_case_table_names  = 1
    default-storage-engine  = InnoDB
    port            = 3306
    datadir         = /usr/local/mysql/data
    character-set-server    = utf8
    socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    
    log_bin         = mysql-bin         #从binlog也要打开
    server_id       = 5                 #仅需修改此项
    
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    slave-parallel-workers  = 8
    thread_cache_size   = 600
    back_log        = 600
    slave_net_timeout   = 60
    max_binlog_size     = 512M
    key_buffer_size     = 8M
    query_cache_size    = 64M
    join_buffer_size    = 2M
    sort_buffer_size    = 2M
    query_cache_type    = 1
    thread_stack        = 192K
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart #重启mysql
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
    
    
    #修改mysql-db03配置文件(和mysql-db01配置文件一致)
    #只需要修改server-id = 10选项
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
    [client]
    socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    [mysqld]
    lower_case_table_names  = 1
    default-storage-engine  = InnoDB
    port            = 3306
    datadir         = /usr/local/mysql/data
    character-set-server    = utf8
    socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
    
    log_bin         = mysql-bin     #从binlog也要打开
    server_id       = 10            #只需修改此项
    
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
    slave-parallel-workers  = 8
    thread_cache_size   = 600
    back_log        = 600
    slave_net_timeout   = 60
    max_binlog_size     = 512M
    key_buffer_size     = 8M
    query_cache_size    = 64M
    join_buffer_size    = 2M
    sort_buffer_size    = 2M
    query_cache_type    = 1
    thread_stack        = 192K
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart #重启mysql
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

    特别提示:
    在以往如果是基于binlog日志的主从复制,则必须要记住主库的master状态信息。

    QQ截图20170905003920.png-12.7kB

    但是在MySQL5.6版本里多了一个Gtid的功能,可以自动记录主从复制位置点的信息,并在日志中输出出来。

    4.4 开启GTID

    #没开启之前先看一下GTID状态
    mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%';
    +--------------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name            | Value |
    +--------------------------+-------+
    | enforce_gtid_consistency | OFF   |
    | gtid_executed            |       |
    | gtid_mode                | OFF   |
    | gtid_owned               |       |
    | gtid_purged              |       |
    +--------------------------+-------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    编辑mysql配置文件(主库从库都需要修改)

    QQ截图20170905005846.png-49.9kB

    mysql-db01,mysql-db02,mysql-db03都需要加入上图的上行代码

    修改完配置文件以后重启动数据库

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

    再次查看GTID状态

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
    Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 1
    Server version: 5.6.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%';
    +--------------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name            | Value |
    +--------------------------+-------+
    | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON    |    #执行GTID一致
    | gtid_executed            |       |    
    | gtid_mode                | ON    |    #开启GTID模块
    | gtid_owned               |       |
    | gtid_purged              |       |
    +--------------------------+-------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> 
    

    再次提示:
    主库从库都必须要开启GTID,否则在做主从复制的时候就会报错.

    4.5 配置主从复制(mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

    mysql> change master to 
        -> master_host='192.168.0.51',     #主库IP
        -> master_user='rep',              #主库复制用户
        -> master_password='123123',       #主库复制用密码
        -> master_auto_position=1;          #GTID位置点(自动追踪需要同步的position)
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

    4.6 开启从库的主从复制功能(mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

    mysql> start slave;         #开启主从同步功能
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
    mysql> show slave statusG
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.0.51
                      Master_User: rep
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 151
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 361
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes      #此项yes代表成功
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes      #此项yes代表成功
                  Replicate_Do_DB: 
              Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
               Replicate_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
            #....以下省略若干行....

    两个从库mysql-db02和mysql-db03都执行以上步骤。

    4.7 什么是GTID

    • GTID(Global Transaction)全局事务标识符:是一个唯一的标识符,它创建并与源服务器(主)上提交的每个事务相关联。此标识符不仅对其发起的服务器是唯一的,而且在给定复制设置中的所有服务器上都是唯一的。所有交易和所有GTID之间都有1对1的映射。
    • GTID实际上是由UUID+TID组成的。其中UUID是一个MySQL实例的唯一标识。TID代表了该实例上已经提交的事务数量,并且随着事务提交单调递增。
    • 下面是一个GTID的具体形式:

    3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:23

    4.8 GTID的新特性

    (1)支持多线程复制:事实上是针对每个database开启相应的独立线程,即每个库有一个单独的(sql thread)

    (2)支持启用GTID,在配置主从复制,传统的方式里,你需要找到binlog和POS点,然后change master to 指向。在mysql5.6里,无须再知道binlog和POS点,只需要知道master的IP/端口/账号密码即可,因为同步复制是自动的,MySQL通过内部机制GTID自动找点同步。

    (3)基于Row复制只保存改变的列,大大节省磁盘空间,网络,内存等

    (4)支持把Master和Slave的相关信息记录在Table中;原来是记录在文件里,现在则记录在表里,增强可用性

    (5)支持延迟复制

    4.9 开启方法

    #mysql配置文件:
    [mysqld]
    gtid_mode=ON
    enforce_gtid_consistency
    
    #查看
    show global variables like ‘%gtid%’;

    4.10 从库设置(mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

    #登陆从库
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
    
    #临时禁用自动删除relay log功能
    mysql> set global relay_log_purge = 0;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    #设置只读
    mysql> set global read_only=1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    编辑配置文件/etc/my.cnf

    QQ截图20170905021335.png-49.3kB

    修改完配置文件,别忘了重启动mysql服务

    root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
    root@mysql-db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

    五,部署MHA

    5.1 环境准备(所有节点mysql-db01,mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

    #光盘安装依赖包
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL
    
    #安装mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
    [root@mysql-db01 rpm]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm 
    Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
       1:mha4mysql-node         ########################################### [100%]
    
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
    
    mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to mha@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123123';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user='mha';
    +------+-------------+
    | user | host        |
    +------+-------------+
    | mha  | 192.168.0.% |          #主库上创建从库会自动复制
    +------+-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    #特别提示:3台MySQL都需要安装mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm

    5.2 部署管理节点(mha-manager)

    5.2.1 在mysql-db03上部署管理节点

    #使用阿里云源+epel源
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
    
    #安装manager依赖包(需要公网源)
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# yum -y install perl-Config-Tiny epel-release perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes
    
    #安装manager包
    [root@mysql-db03 rpm]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm 
    Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
       1:mha4mysql-manager      ########################################### [100%]

    5.2.2 编辑配置文件

    #创建配置文件目录
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/mha
    
    #创建日志目录
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/mha/mha1
    
    #创建配置文件(默认没有)
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cd /etc/mha/
    [root@mysql-db03 mha]# ls
    [root@mysql-db03 mha]# vim /etc/mha/mha1.cnf
    [root@mysql-db03 mha]# cat /etc/mha/mha1.cnf
    [server default]
    manager_log=/var/log/mha/mha1/manager               #manager管理日志存放路径
    manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/mha1                   #manager管理日志的目录路径
    master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data             #binlog日志的存放路径
    user=mha                                            #管理账户
    password=123123                                     #管理账户密码
    ping_interval=2                                     #存活检查的间隔时间
    repl_user=rep                                       #主从复制的授权账户
    repl_password=123123                                #主从复制的授权账户密码
    ssh_user=root                                       #用于ssh连接的账户
    
    [server1]
    hostname=192.168.0.51                               
    port=3306                                           
    
    [server2]
    #candidate_master=1                                 #此条暂时注释掉(后面解释)
    #check_repl_delay=0                                 #此条暂时注释掉(后面解释)
    hostname=192.168.0.52
    port=3306
    
    [server3]
    hostname=192.168.0.53
    port=3306
    
    #**特别提示:**
    #以上配置文件内容里每行的最后不要留有空格,因此,不能复制的呦

    特别说明:
    参数:candidate_master=1
    解释:设置为候选master,如果设置该参数以后,发生主从切换以后会将此从库提升为主库,即使这个主库不是集群中事件最新的slave
    参数:check_repl_delay=0
    解释:默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs 的话,MHA将不会选择该slave作为一个新的master,因为对于这个slave的恢复需要花费很长时间,通过设置check_repl_delay=0,MHA触发切换在选择一个新的master的时候将会忽略复制延时,这个参数对于设置了candidate_master=1的主机非常有用,因为这个候选主在切换的过程中一定是新的master

    5.3 配置ssh信任(所有节点mysql-db01,mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

    #创建密钥对
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa >/dev/null 2>&1
    
    #发送mysql-db03公钥,包括自己
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.51
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.52
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.53
    
    #发送mysql-db02公钥,包括自己
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.51
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.52
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.53
    
    #发送mysql-db01公钥,包括自己
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.51
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.52
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.53

    5.4 启动测试

    5.4.1 ssh检查检测

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf    #ssh检查命令
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:38 2017 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:38 2017 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/mha1.cnf..
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:38 2017 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/mha1.cnf..
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:38 2017 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
    ..中间省略若干行..
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:40 2017 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.0.53(192.168.0.53:22) to root@192.168.0.52(192.168.0.52:22)..
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:40 2017 - [debug]   ok.
    Tue Sep  5 03:01:40 2017 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully. #出现这个就表示成功

    5.4.2 主从复制检测

    (1)错误的主从复制检测

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf

    如果不出意外,同学们的检测结果都会是下面的样子

    QQ截图20170906002542.png-56.7kB

    因此在mysql-db02和mysql-db03上添加主从复制的用户即可。
    grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123123';
    再次检查如下图所示:

    QQ截图20170906003531.png-23.9kB

    5.5 启动MHA

    #启动
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/mha1/manager.log 2>&1 &
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep
    root       4961   4690  0 06:33 pts/2    00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover
    
    #说明:
    nohup:启动命令
    --conf:指定配置文件位置
    --remove_dead_master_conf:如果有master down了,就去掉配置文件里该master的部分。

    5.6 进行mha自动切换master的测试

    初始状态:

    QQ截图20170906233818.png-10.5kB

    (1)登陆mysql-db02(192.168.0.53)查看信息状态

    #登陆数据库mysql-db02(192.168.0.53)
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]#  mysql -uroot -p123123
    mysql> show slave statusG
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.0.51         #这是主库IP地址
                      Master_User: rep
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1656
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000004
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 1796
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                ..以下省略若干内容..

    (2)停掉mysql-db01(192.168.0.51)上的MySQL服务

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
    Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS!

    (3)查看mysql-db03上的MySQL从库同步状态

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -e 'show slave statusG'
    Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.0.52         #现在的主库IP
                      Master_User: rep
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006     #binlog日志
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 777                  #binlog日志位置
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql-db03-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 408
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                 ..以下省略若干内容..

    (4)查看mysql-db02上的MySQL,主库同步状态。

    QQ截图20170906201709.png-18.6kB

    (5)查看mysql-db03上的mha进程状态

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep      #查询发现mha进程已经没了
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# 

    (6)查看mha配置文件信息

    QQ截图20170906213038.png-26.7kB

    说明:
    当作为主库的mysql-db01上的MySQL宕机以后,mha通过检测发现mysql-db01宕机,那么会将binlog日志最全的从库立刻提升为主库,而其他的从库会指向新的主库进行再次同步。

    此处需要进行简单的mha日志记录的讲解:/var/log/mha/mha1/manager

    5.7 进行mha的故障还原测试

    由于mysql-db01的MySQL服务宕机,因此mha将mysql-db02提升为了主库。因此,我们需要将宕机的mysql-db01的MySQL服务启动,然后作为主库mysql-db02的从库。

    初始状态:

    QQ截图20170906233927.png-10.4kB

    (1)将故障宕机的mysql-db01的MySQL服务启动并授权进行从同步

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123123';
    mysql> start slave;
    mysql> show slave statusG          #查看从同步状态

    (2)将mha配置文件里缺失的部分补全

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/mha/mha1.cnf 
    [server default]
    manager_log=/var/log/mha/mha1/manager
    manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/mha1
    master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    password=123123
    ping_interval=2
    repl_password=123123
    repl_user=rep
    ssh_user=root
    user=mha
    
    [server1]
    hostname=192.168.0.51
    port=3306
    
    [server2]
    hostname=12.168.0.52
    port=3306
    
    [server3]
    hostname=192.168.0.53
    port=3306
    

    (3)启动mha进程

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/mha1/manager.log 2>&1 &
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep
    root       5226   4690  0 09:42 pts/2    00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover
    

    (4)停掉mysql-db02上的MySQL服务

    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
    Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS! 
    

    (5)查看mysql-db03上的主从同步状态:

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -e 'show slave statusG'
    Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.0.51             #此时的主库IP切换回了mysql-db01
                      Master_User: rep
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 231
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql-db03-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 361
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                ..以下省略若干行..

    (6)启动mysql-db02上的MySQL服务

    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
    [root@mysql-db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123123';
    mysql> start slave;
    mysql> show slave statusG          #查看从同步状态

    (7)再次补全mha配置文件后,启动mha进程

    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/mha/mha1.cnf 
    [server default]
    manager_log=/var/log/mha/mha1/manager
    manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/mha1
    master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    password=123123
    ping_interval=2
    repl_password=123123
    repl_user=rep
    ssh_user=root
    user=mha
    
    [server1]
    hostname=192.168.0.51
    port=3306
    
    [server2]
    hostname=192.168.0.52
    port=3306
    
    [server3]
    #andidate_master=1
    #check_repl_delay=0
    hostname=192.168.0.53
    port=3306
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/mha1/manager.log 2>&1 &
    [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep
    root       5226   4690  0 09:42 pts/2    00:00:01 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover

    此时的初始状态还原为下图:

    QQ截图20170906234956.png-10.4kB

    六,MHA参数验证实践

    QQ截图20170907001005.png-30.9kB

    mha配置文件内容如下:

    QQ截图20170907001142.png-31.8kB

    附录:源码安装mha的方法

    node节点的源码安装方法:

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Params-Validate perl-CPAN perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
    
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# tar xf mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
    
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cd /usr/src/mha4mysql-node-0.56/
    
    [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL
    
    [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make && make install

    manager节点的源码安装方法:

    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Params-Validate perl-CPAN perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
    
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# tar xf mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
    
    [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cd /usr/src/mha4mysql-manager-0.56/
    
    [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL
    
    [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# make && make install
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cash-su/p/10012100.html
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