基本概念
-
@EnableRabbit
@EnableRabbit和@Configuration一起使用,可以加在类或者方法上,这个注解开启了容器对注册的bean的@RabbitListener检查。
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@RabbitListener
@RabbitListener用于注册Listener时使用的信息:如queue,exchange,key、ListenerContainerFactory和RabbitAdmin的bean name。
扫描到bean带有该注解后,首先会将注解的内容封装到Endpoint对象中并和ListenerContainerFactory的实例一起添加到上面的RabbitListenerEndpointRegistry实例中。添加的时候会创建相应的ListenerContainer实例并添加Listener对象。
-
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener 和 @RabbitHandler结合使用,不同类型的消息使用不同的方法来处理。
依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
配置
- application.yml配置文件:
spring: rabbitmq: host: 192.168.58.129 port: 5672 username: orcas password: 1224 virtual-host: / connection-timeout: 15000 publisher-confirms: true publisher-returns: true template: mandatory: true listener: simple: acknowledge-mode: manual # 手动ack concurrency: 5 # 监听消息的个数 max-concurrency: 10 # 自定义mq配置 用于声明交换机、队列、绑定路由的参数 order: queue: name: queue-2 durable: true exchange: name: exchange-2 durable: true type: topic ignoreDeclarationExceptions: true key: springboot.*
- publisher-confirms,实现一个监听器用于监听Broker端返回的确认请求。
- publisher-returns,保证消息对Broker端是可达的,如果出现路由键不可达情况,则使用监听器对不可达消息进行后续处理,保证消息的路由成功。
- template.mandatory,true则监听器会接收到路由不可达的消息,然后进行处理;false则Broker会自动删除该消息。默认是false。
注:也可以参考与Spring整合中的配置文件,就是以@Bean的方式声明交换机、队列与绑定关系。
生产者
@Component public class RabbitSender { //自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类 @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //回调函数: confirm确认 final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() { @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData); System.err.println("ack: " + ack); if(!ack){ System.err.println("异常处理...."); } } }; //回调函数: return返回 final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() { @Override public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) { System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " + routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText); } }; //发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息 public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception { MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties); Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs); rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback); // 设置消息的唯一id CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890"); //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData); } //发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息 public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception { rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback); //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData); } }
消费者
@Exchange
、@Queue
、@QueueBinding
组合注解用来声明交换机、队列和绑定路由。
@Component public class RabbitReceiver { @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"), exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"), key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.routingKey}" ) )
@RabbitHandler public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order, Channel channel, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception { System.err.println("--------------------------------------"); System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId()); Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG); //手工ACK channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); } }
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