• UOJ 241. 【UR #16】破坏发射台 [矩阵乘法]


    UOJ 241. 【UR #16】破坏发射台

    题意:长度为 n 的环,每个点染色,有 m 种颜色,要求相邻相对不能同色,求方案数。(定义两个点相对为去掉这两个点后环能被分成相同大小的两段)


    只想到一个奇怪的线性递推,无法写成矩乘的形式...


    正解用状态记录了颜色是否相同

    奇环,只考虑相邻,确定第一个的颜色,(f[i][0/1])表示i个与第一个不同/同色的方案数

    偶环,再考虑相对,分成两段,同时递推(i,frac{n}{2}+i),(f[i][0..6])来表示

    构造矩阵讨论好烦啊

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <cmath>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    const int mo = 998244353;
    inline int read() {
        char c=getchar(); int x=0,f=1;
        while(c<'0'||c>'9') {if(c=='-')f=-1;c=getchar();}
        while(c>='0'&&c<='9') {x=x*10+c-'0';c=getchar();}
        return x*f;
    }
    
    int n, m, r, g[7][7], f[7][7];
    void mul(int a[7][7], int b[7][7]) {
        static int c[7][7];
        memset(c, 0, sizeof(c));
        for(int i=0; i<r; i++)
            for(int k=0; k<r; k++) if(a[i][k])
                for(int j=0; j<r; j++) if(b[k][j])
                    c[i][j] = (c[i][j] + (ll) a[i][k] * b[k][j]) %mo;
        memcpy(a, c, sizeof(c));
    }
    void Pow(int a[7][7], int b) {
        static int c[7][7];
        memset(c, 0, sizeof(c));
        for(int i=0; i<r; i++) c[i][i] = 1;
        for(; b; b >>= 1, mul(a, a)) if(b & 1) mul(c, a);
        memcpy(a, c, sizeof(c));
    }
    void print(int a[7][7]) {
        for(int i=0; i<r; i++) for(int j=0; j<r; j++) printf("%d%c", a[i][j], j==r-1 ? '
    ' : ' ');
        puts("");
    }
    namespace odd {
        void solve() {
            r = 2;
            g[0][0] = m-2; g[0][1] = m-1;
            g[1][0] = 1;   g[1][1] = 0;
            Pow(g, n-2);
            //print(g);
            f[0][0] = m-1; f[1][0] = 0;
            mul(g, f);
            //print(g);
            int ans = (ll) g[0][0] * m %mo;
            printf("%d
    ", ans);
        }
    }
    namespace even {
        int id[5][5];
        inline ll cal(int a, int c) {
            if(a == 0) return c==0 ? m-3 : m-2;
            else return 1;
        }
        void solve() {
            r = 7;
            memset(id, -1, sizeof(id));
            id[0][0] = 0; id[0][1] = 1; id[0][2] = 2;
            id[1][0] = 3; id[1][2] = 4;
            id[2][0] = 5; id[2][1] = 6;
            for(int a=0; a<3; a++) for(int b=0; b<3; b++) if(~id[a][b])
                for(int c=0; c<3; c++) for(int d=0; d<3; d++) if(~id[c][d]) {
                    int i = id[a][b], j = id[c][d];
                    if((a && a==c) || (b && b==d)) continue;
                    if(a == 0 && b == 0) { //printf("hi
    ");
    					if(c && d) g[i][j] = (ll) (m-2) * max(0, m-3) %mo;
    					else if(!c && !d) g[i][j] = ((ll) max(0, m-4) * max(0, m-4) + max(0, m-3)) %mo;
    					else if(c || d) g[i][j] = ((ll) max(0, m-3) * max(0, m-3)) %mo;
    					g[i][j] = max(0, g[i][j]);
                    } else g[i][j] = cal(a, c) * cal(b, d) %mo;
                }
            //print(g);
            f[id[0][0]][0] = max(0LL, (ll)(m-2) * (m-3)) %mo;
            f[id[0][1]][0] = m-2;
            f[id[2][0]][0] = m-2;
            f[id[2][1]][0] = 1;
            n = n/2 - 1;
            Pow(g, n-1);
            //print(g);
            mul(g, f);
            //print(g);
            int ans = (ll) ((ll) g[0][0] + g[id[1][0]][0] + g[id[0][2]][0] + g[id[1][2]][0]) %mo * m %mo * (m-1) %mo;
            printf("%d
    ", ans);
        }
    }
    int main() {
        freopen("in", "r", stdin);
        n = read(); m = read();
        if(n == 1) printf("%d
    ", m);
        else if(n == 2) printf("%lld
    ", (ll) m * (m-1) %mo);
        if(n & 1) odd::solve();
        else even::solve();
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/candy99/p/6851940.html
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