• javaweb:respone


    一:HTTP协议  

    1. 请求消息:客户端发送给服务器端的数据

        数据格式:
          1. 请求行
          2. 请求头
          3. 请求空行
          4. 请求体
    2. 响应消息:服务器端发送给客户端的数据
       数据格式:
          1. 响应行
            1. 组成:协议/版本 响应状态码 状态码描述
            2. 响应状态码:服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态。
              1. 状态码都是3位数字
              2. 分类:
                1. 1xx:服务器就收客户端消息,但没有接受完成,等待一段时间后,发送1xx多状态码
                2. 2xx:成功。代表:200
                3. 3xx:重定向。代表:302(重定向),304(访问缓存)
                4. 4xx:客户端错误。
                  代表:
                    404(请求路径没有对应的资源)
                     405:请求方式没有对应的doXxx方法
                5. 5xx:服务器端错误。代表:500(服务器内部出现异常)

          2. 响应头:
            1. 格式:头名称: 值
            2. 常见的响应头:
              1. Content-Type:服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以及编码格式
              2. Content-disposition:服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据
                值:
                  in-line:默认值,在当前页面内打开
                  attachment;filename=xxx:以附件形式打开响应体。文件下载
            3. 响应空行
            4. 响应体:传输的数据

    * 响应字符串格式
    		HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    		Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
    		Content-Length: 101
    		Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2018 07:08:42 GMT
    
    		<html>
    		  <head>
    		    <title>$Title$</title>
    		  </head>
    		  <body>
    		  hello , response
    		  </body>
    		</html>
    

      

    二:Response对象

     功能:设置响应消息

      1. 设置响应行
        1. 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 ok
        2. 设置状态码:setStatus(int sc)
      2. 设置响应头:setHeader(String name, String value)

      3. 设置响应体:
        使用步骤:
          1. 获取输出流
            字符输出流:PrintWriter getWriter()

            字节输出流:ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()

           2. 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器

    案列:使用Response进行重定向

      1.完成重定向--->资源跳转的方式

       代码实现

    //1. 设置状态码为302
    response.setStatus(302);
    //2.设置响应头location
    response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");
    

      简单的重定向方法

     //简单的重定向方法
    response.sendRedirect("/day15/responseDemo2");
    

    重定向的特点:redirect

      1. 地址栏发生变化
      2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
      3. 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据
     转发的特点:forward
      1. 转发地址栏路径不变
      2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
      3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据

     服务器输出字符数据到浏览器

      * 步骤:
        1. 获取字符输出流
        2. 输出数据

      * 注意:
        * 乱码问题:
          1. PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();获取的流的默认编码是ISO-8859-1
          2. 设置该流的默认编码
          3. 告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码

          //简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置
          response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

     验证码

      1. 本质:图片
      2. 目的:防止恶意表单注册

    三:ServletContext对象

    1. 概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信
    2. 获取:
      1. 通过request对象获取
         request.getServletContext();
      2. 通过HttpServlet获取
         this.getServletContext();
    3. 功能:
      1. 获取MIME类型:
        * MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
        * 格式: 大类型/小类型 text/html image/jpeg

        * 获取:String getMimeType(String file)
      2. 域对象:共享数据
        1. setAttribute(String name,Object value)
        2. getAttribute(String name)
        3. removeAttribute(String name

        * ServletContext对象范围:所有用户所有请求的数据

      3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
        1. 方法:String getRealPath(String path)
          String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
          System.out.println(b);

          String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
          System.out.println(c);

          String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
          System.out.println(a);

    重定向代码:

    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * 重定向
     */
    @WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
    public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            System.out.println("demo1........");
            //访问/responseDemo1,会自动跳转到/responseDemo2资源
           /* //1. 设置状态码为302
            response.setStatus(302);
            //2.设置响应头location
            response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");*/
            request.setAttribute("msg","response");
            //动态获取虚拟目录
            String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
            //简单的重定向方法
            response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
            //response.sendRedirect("http://www.itcast.cn");
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
    public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("demo2222222........");
    
            Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
            System.out.println(msg);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/responseDemo3")
    public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
    
            //转发
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/responseDemo2").forward(request,response);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    @WebServlet("/responseDemo4")
    public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            //获取流对象之前,设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK
           // response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    
            //告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用该编码解码
            //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
    
            //简单的形式,设置编码
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    
            //1.获取字符输出流
            PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
            //2.输出数据
            //pw.write("<h1>hello response</h1>");
            pw.write("你好啊啊啊 response");
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/responseDemo5")
    public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    
            //1.获取字节输出流
            ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
            //2.输出数据
            sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code

    案列生成验证码:

    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    @WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
    public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
    
            int width = 100;
            int height = 50;
    
            //1.创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    
    
            //2.美化图片
            //2.1 填充背景色
            Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
            g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
            g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
    
            //2.2画边框
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1);
    
            String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
            //生成随机角标
            Random ran = new Random();
    
            for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
                int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
                //获取字符
                char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
                //2.3写验证码
                g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
            }
    
    
            //2.4画干扰线
            g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
    
            //随机生成坐标点
    
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
                int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
    
                int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
                int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
                g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
            }
    
    
            //3.将图片输出到页面展示
            ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code

    jsp界面代码:  

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>login</title>
    
    
        <script>
            window.onload = function(){
                document.getElementById("img").onclick = function(){
                    this.src="/demo2/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
                }
            }
        </script>
        <style>
            div{
                color: red;
            }
    
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="/demo2/loginServlet" method="post">
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td>用户名</td>
                    <td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>密码</td>
                    <td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>验证码</td>
                    <td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/demo2/checkCodeServlet"></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </form>
        <div><%=request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("cc_error")%></div>
        <div><%=request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error") %></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    View Code

     展示效果

    ServletContext的代码

    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
    public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            /*
    
                ServletContext对象获取:
                    1. 通过request对象获取
                        request.getServletContext();
                    2. 通过HttpServlet获取
                        this.getServletContext();
             */
            
            //1. 通过request对象获取
            ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
            //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
            ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();
    
            System.out.println(context1);
            System.out.println(context2);
    
            System.out.println(context1 == context2);//true
    
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
    public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            /*
    
                ServletContext功能:
                   1. 获取MIME类型:
                    * MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
                        * 格式: 大类型/小类型   text/html        image/jpeg
    
                    * 获取:String getMimeType(String file)
                    2. 域对象:共享数据
                    3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
             */
            
            //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
            ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    
            //3. 定义文件名称
            String filename = "a.jpg";//image/jpeg
    
    
            //4.获取MIME类型
            String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
            System.out.println(mimeType);
    
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
    public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            /*
    
                ServletContext功能:
                   1. 获取MIME类型:
    
                    2. 域对象:共享数据
                    3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
             */
            
            //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
            ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    
            //设置数据
            context.setAttribute("msg","haha");
    
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
    public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            /*
    
                ServletContext功能:
                   1. 获取MIME类型:
    
                    2. 域对象:共享数据
                    3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
             */
            
            //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
            ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    
            //获取数据
            Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
            System.out.println(msg);
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
    public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            /*
    
                ServletContext功能:
                   1. 获取MIME类型:
    
                    2. 域对象:共享数据
                    3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
             */
            
            // 通过HttpServlet获取
            ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    
    
            // 获取文件的服务器路径
            String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
            System.out.println(b);
           // File file = new File(realPath);
    
            String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
            System.out.println(c);
    
            String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
            System.out.println(a);
    
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code

    下载文件案例:

    * 文件下载需求:
    	1. 页面显示超链接
    	2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
    	3. 完成图片文件下载
    
    * 分析:
    	1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
    	2. 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
    	3. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
    		* content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
    
    * 步骤:
    	1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
    	2. 定义Servlet
    		1. 获取文件名称
    		2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
    		3. 指定response的响应头: content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
    		4. 将数据写出到response输出流
    
    * 问题:
    	* 中文文件问题
    		* 解决思路:
    			1. 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
    			2. 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同

     

    下载类:

    import cn.itcast.web.utils.DownLoadUtils;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
    public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //1.获取请求参数,文件名称
            String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
            //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
            //2.1找到文件服务器路径
            ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
            String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
            //2.2用字节流关联
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
    
            //3.设置response的响应头
            //3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
            String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
            response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
            //3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
    
            //解决中文文件名问题
            //1.获取user-agent请求头、
            String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
            //2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
            filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);
    
            response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
            //4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
            ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
            byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
                sos.write(buff,0,len);
            }
    
            fis.close();
    
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    View Code

    下载的工具类

     

    import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    
    
    public class DownLoadUtils {
    //agent:浏览器的版本信息
        public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
            if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
                // IE浏览器
                filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
                filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
            } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
                // 火狐浏览器
                BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
                filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
            } else {
                // 其它浏览器
                filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            }
            return filename;
        }
    }
    View Code

     

     

    一纸高中万里风,寒窗读破华堂空。 莫道长安花看尽,由来枝叶几相同?
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/byczyz/p/14375727.html
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