• java:JDBC的使用方式


    学习目标

    JDBC:
       1. 概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接, Java语言操作数据库
        JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。

         各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。

    2. 快速入门:
       步骤:
      1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
        1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
        2.右键-->Add As Library
      2. 注册驱动
      3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
      4. 定义sql
      5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
      6. 执行sql,接受返回结果
      7. 处理结果
      8. 释放资源

    实现连接数据库:

    public class JDBCDemo1 {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
            //1. 导入驱动jar包
            //2.注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //3.获取数据库连接对象
            Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
            String sql="insert into user values(null,'root','root')";
            //4.定义sql语句
            //5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
            Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //6.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            //7.处理结果
            System.out.println(count);
            //8.释放资源
            stmt.close();
            conn.close();
        }
    }
    使用 JDBC 开发使用到的包
    JDBC 的核心 API

    Connection:数据库连接对象
      1. 功能:
        1. 获取执行sql 的对象
          * Statement createStatement()
          * PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
        2. 管理事务:    
          * 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
          * 提交事务:commit()
          * 回滚事务:rollback()
        3. Statement:执行sql的对象
          1. 执行sql
            1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解
            2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句
            * 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。
            3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句

    实现增删改查

    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.sql.Statement;
    
    /**
     * account表 添加一条记录 insert 语句
     */
    public class JDBCDemo2 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Statement stmt = null;
            Connection conn = null;
            try {
                //1. 注册驱动
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
                //2. 定义sql
                String sql = "insert into account values(null,'王五',3000)";
                //3.获取Connection对象
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
                //4.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                //5.执行sql
                int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//影响的行数
                //6.处理结果
                System.out.println(count);
                if(count > 0){
                    System.out.println("添加成功!");
                }else{
                    System.out.println("添加失败!");
                }
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                //stmt.close();
                //7. 释放资源
                //避免空指针异常
                if(stmt != null){
                    try {
                        stmt.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
                if(conn != null){
                    try {
                        conn.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
    
    
        }
    }
    View Code
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.sql.Statement;
    
    /**
     * account表 修改记录
     */
    public class JDBCDemo3 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Connection conn = null;
            Statement stmt = null;
            try {
                //1. 注册驱动
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
                //2.获取连接对象
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
                //3.定义sql
                String sql  = "update account set balance = 1500 where id = 3";
                //4.获取执行sql对象
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                //5.执行sql
                int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
                //6.处理结果
                System.out.println(count);
                if(count > 0){
                    System.out.println("修改成功!");
                }else{
                    System.out.println("修改失败");
                }
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //7.释放资源
    
                if(stmt != null){
                    try {
                        stmt.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
                if(conn != null){
                    try {
                        conn.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
    
    
        }
    }
    View Code
    import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
    
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.sql.Statement;
    
    /**
     * account表 删除一条记录
     */
    public class JDBCDemo4 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Connection conn = null;
            Statement stmt = null;
            try {
                //1. 注册驱动
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
                //2.获取连接对象
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
               //conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
                //3.定义sql
                String sql  = "delete from account where id = 3";
                //4.获取执行sql对象
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                //5.执行sql
                int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
                //6.处理结果
                System.out.println(count);
                if(count > 0){
                    System.out.println("删除成功!");
                }else{
                    System.out.println("删除失败");
                }
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //7.释放资源
    
                if(stmt != null){
                    try {
                        stmt.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
                if(conn != null){
                    try {
                        conn.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    View Code
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.sql.Statement;
    
    /**
     * 执行DDL语句
     */
    public class JDBCDemo5 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Connection conn = null;
            Statement stmt = null;
            try {
                //1. 注册驱动
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
                //2.获取连接对象
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
                //3.定义sql
                String sql  = "create table student (id int , name varchar(20))";
                //4.获取执行sql对象
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                //5.执行sql
                int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
                //6.处理结果
                System.out.println(count);
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //7.释放资源
    
                if(stmt != null){
                    try {
                        stmt.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
                if(conn != null){
                    try {
                        conn.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
    }
    View Code
    import java.sql.*;
    
    /**
     * 执行DDL语句
     */
    public class JDBCDemo6 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Connection conn = null;
            Statement stmt = null;
            ResultSet rs = null;
            try {
                //1. 注册驱动
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
                //2.获取连接对象
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
                //3.定义sql
                String sql  = "select * from account";
                //4.获取执行sql对象
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                //5.执行sql
                rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
                //6.处理结果
                //6.1 让游标向下移动一行
                rs.next();
                //6.2 获取数据
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
    
                System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);
    
    
                //6.1 让游标向下移动一行
                rs.next();
                //6.2 获取数据
                int id2 = rs.getInt(1);
                String name2 = rs.getString("name");
                double balance2 = rs.getDouble(3);
    
                System.out.println(id2 + "---" + name2 + "---" + balance2);
    
                //6.1 让游标向下移动一行
                rs.next();
                //6.2 获取数据
                int id3 = rs.getInt(1);
                String name3 = rs.getString("name");
                double balance3 = rs.getDouble(3);
    
                System.out.println(id3 + "---" + name3 + "---" + balance3);
    
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //7.释放资源
    
                if(rs != null){
                    try {
                        rs.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
                if(stmt != null){
                    try {
                        stmt.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
                if(conn != null){
                    try {
                        conn.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
    }
    View Code

    ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果
      * boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,

    如果不是则返回true
      * getXxx(参数):获取数据
      * Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString()
      * 参数:
        1. int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如: getString(1)
        2. String:代表列名称。 如: getDouble("balance")

    * 注意:
    * 使用步骤:
       1. 游标向下移动一行
       2. 判断是否有数据
       3. 获取数据

    //循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾。
      while(rs.next()){
        //获取数据
    //6.2 获取数据
    int id = rs.getInt(1);
    String name = rs.getString("name");
    double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
    System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);
    }

    PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象

    PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象
    			1. SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
    				1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or 'a' = 'a
    				2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a' 
    
    			2. 解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
    			3. 预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符
    			4. 步骤:
    				1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
    				2. 注册驱动
    				3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
    				4. 定义sql
    					* 注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;
    				5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement  Connection.prepareStatement(String sql) 
    				6. 给?赋值:
    					* 方法: setXxx(参数1,参数2)
    						* 参数1:?的位置编号 从1 开始
    						* 参数2:?的值
    				7. 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句
    				8. 处理结果
    				9. 释放资源
    
    			5. 注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作
    				1. 可以防止SQL注入
    				2. 效率更高
    

      

    设置Bean类

    public class UserDao {
        private String username;
        private String password;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    }
    View Code

    连接数据库

    import com.web.domain.UserDao;
    import java.sql.*;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    public class JDBCDemo2 {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
            String sql="select *from user";
            PreparedStatement pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            ResultSet rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
            conn.commit();
            List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
            while(rs.next()){
                String username=rs.getString("username");
                String password=rs.getString("password");
                UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
                userDao.setUsername(username);
                userDao.setPassword(password);
                list.add(userDao);
            }
            conn.close();
            pstmt.close();
            Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
            while(it.hasNext()){
                UserDao userDao= it.next();
                System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getPassword());
            }
        }
    }
    View Code

    优化

    import com.web.domain.UserDao;
    
    import java.sql.*;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class JDBCDemo3 {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
            Connection conn=null;
            PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
            ResultSet rs=null;
            try {
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
                conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
                String sql="select *from user";
                pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
                conn.setAutoCommit(false);
                rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
                conn.commit();
                List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
                while(rs.next()){
                    String username=rs.getString("username");
                    String password=rs.getString("password");
                    UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
                    userDao.setUsername(username);
                    userDao.setPassword(password);
                    list.add(userDao);
                }
                Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
                while(it.hasNext()){
                    UserDao userDao= it.next();
                    System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getPassword());
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                if(conn!=null) conn.close();
                if(pstmt!=null) pstmt.close();
            }
        }
    }
    View Code

    设置JDBC的连接工具类

    import java.io.FileReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.sql.*;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    //JDBC工具类
    public class JDBCutils {
        private static String url;
        private static String user;
        private static String password;
        private static String driver;
        //文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
        static {
            //读取资源文件,获取值。
            try {
                //1. 创建Properties集合类。
                Properties pro = new Properties();
                //获取src路径下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 类加载器
                ClassLoader classLoader=JDBCutils.class.getClassLoader();
                URL res=classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
                String path=res.getPath();
                //2. 加载文件
                pro.load(new FileReader(path));
                //3. 获取数据,赋值
                url = pro.getProperty("url");
                user = pro.getProperty("user");
                password = pro.getProperty("password");
                driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
                //4. 注册驱动
                Class.forName(driver);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        /**
         * 获取连接
         * @return 连接对象
         */
        public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    
            return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        }
        /**
         * 释放资源
         * @param stmt
         * @param conn
         */
        public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn){
            if( stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
            if( conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        /**
         * 释放资源
         * @param stmt
         * @param conn
         */
        public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
            if( rs != null){
                try {
                    rs.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
            if( stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
            if( conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    View Code

    jdbc文件

    url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
    user=root
    password=root
    driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    View Code

    连接

    import com.web.domain.UserDao;
    import com.web.utils.JDBCutils;
    
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
    import java.sql.ResultSet;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class JDBCDemo4 {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
            Connection conn=null;
            PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
            ResultSet rs=null;
            conn= JDBCutils.getConnection();
            String sql="select *from user";
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
            conn.commit();
            List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
            while(rs.next()){
                String username=rs.getString("username");
                String password=rs.getString("password");
                UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
                userDao.setUsername(username);
                userDao.setPassword(password);
                list.add(userDao);
            }
            Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
            while(it.hasNext()){
                UserDao userDao= it.next();
                System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getPassword());
            }
            JDBCutils.close(rs,pstmt,conn);
        }
    }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/byczyz/p/14326770.html
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