• SQL基础语句


      1 数据库操作
      2     create database db_name charset utf-8;#创建数据库
      3     drop database db_name;#删除数据库
      4     use db_name;#切换数据库
      5     show database;#查看所有数据库
      6 
      7 
      8 表操作:
      9     创建表:
     10     数据类型:
     11         整型:
     12             tinyint smallint int bigint
     13         浮点型:
     14             float double
     15         字符型:
     16             char varchar text
     17         日期类型:
     18             date datatime timestamp 
     19 
     20 
     21     约束:
     22         1、主键约束  唯一、非空  primary key
     23         2、外键约束  foreign key
     24         3、唯一约束    unique
     25         4、非空约束    not null
     26         5、默认值约束    default
     27         6、自增长        auto_increment
     28     DDL、DCL、DML语句:
     29         DDL:
     30             数据定义语句    creat drop alter
     31         DML:
     32             数据操纵语句    select insert updata delete
     33         DCL:
     34             数据控制语句    grant
     35 
     36 
     37     建表:
     38 
     39         create table student (
     40         id int primary key auto_increment,
     41         name varchar(20) not null ,
     42         phone varchar(11) unique not null,
     43         sex tinyint default 0,
     44         addr varchar(50),
     45         brith datetime default current_timestamp,
     46         index(name)  
     47       );
     48  
     49       create table score (
     50         id int primary key auto_increment,
     51         score float not null,
     52         sid int not null
     53         );
     54      create table student_new like student; -- 快速创建一个和student表结构一样的表
     55 
     56 
     57     修改表:
     58         alter table student add class2 int not null; --增加字段
     59         alter table student drop addr;--删除字段
     60         alter table student change name new_name varchar(20) not null;--修改字段
     61         alter table student modify name varchar(30);--修改字段属性
     62         alter table student add primary key(id);--添加主键
     63         alter table student drop primary key(id);--删除主键,非auto_increment类型
     64         auto_increment类型删除主键:
     65             alter table student modify id int;--去掉auto_increment类型
     66             alter table student drop primary key(id);--删除主键
     67 
     68     删除表:
     69         drop table student;
     70     清空表:
     71         truncate table student;---自增长id会重新开始
     72     其他操作:
     73         show tables;--查看当前所有表
     74         show create table student;--产看建表语句
     75         desc student;--查看建表结构
     76 
     77 
     78     数据操作:
     79         增:
     80             insert into student values ('','python','11111111111',0,'北京','2019-01-03 18:39:23'); --写全
     81               insert into student  (name,phone) values ('mysql','12345678901'); -- 指定字段
     82               insert into student  (name,phone) values ('mysql1','12345678902'),('mysql2','22345678901'); --多条
     83               insert into student_new select * from student; -- 把一个表的数据快速导出到另外一个表
     84 
     85           删:
     86               delete from student; --整表数据删除
     87               delete from student where id = 3; --指定数据删除
     88 
     89           改:
     90               update student set name='mysql3' ; --修改全表数据
     91               update student set name='mysql2',sex=1; --修改多个字段
     92               update student set name='mysql3' where id = 1; #指定修改某条数据
     93 
     94           查:
     95               基本查询:
     96               select * from student;--查整表
     97              select id,name,addr from student; --指定字段
     98              select id as 编号, addr 地址 , name 姓名 from student; --字段加别名
     99 
    100              where条件
    101              select * from student where id=1; --where条件 >,<,>=,<=,!=,<>
    102              select * from student where id in (1,2,3) and id != 5; -- in和and条件
    103              select * from student where id between 1 and 5; -- 范围
    104              select * from student where id between 1 and 5 or id > 10; -- or
    105 
    106              排序
    107              select * from student where id between 1 and 5 order by id desc; -- 一起用的话,order by必须写在where条件后面
    108              select * from student order by id desc ;  -- 降序排序,按照id,升序的话是asc
    109              select * from student order by id,name  asc ;  -- 升序,按照id和name排序,asc可以省略不写
    110 
    111              分组
    112              select * from student group by sex; -- 按照某个字段分组,可以写多个字段
    113              select * from student group by sex having addr !='北京';
    114              select * from student where id >5  group by sex having addr !='北京'; -- 如果有where条件,必须写在group by前面,group by后面不能再写where条件,如果有条件必须用having子句
    115 
    116              limit
    117              select id as 编号, addr 地址 , name 姓名 from student limit 2; -- 前N条数据
    118              select id as 编号, addr 地址 , name 姓名 from student limit 1,5; -- 从第一行开始,向后取5行,不包含第一行的数据
    119              select * from student where id >0  group by sex having addr !='北京'  limit 5; -- limit必须写在最后面
    120              select * from student where id >0  group by sex having addr !='北京'  order by id desc limit 5; -- limit必须写在最后面
    121              #如果一个sql里面有where、group by、排序、limit,顺序一定是1、where 2group by 3order by 4、limit
    122 
    123              聚合函数
    124              select count(*) from student; -- 多少条数据
    125              select count(addr) from student; -- 某个字段不为空的有多少条
    126              select count(*) 人数 ,sex 性别 from student group by sex; -- 多少条数据
    127              select avg(age) from student; -- 平均值
    128              select sum(score) from score;  --
    129              select min(score) from score; 
    130              select max(score) from score; 
    131 
    132              子查询
    133               select * from student where id in (select sid from score where score >= 60);
    134 
    135               多表查询
    136              select * from student a ,score b where a.id = b.sid and a.score>90;
    137  
    138              select a.name,b.score,a.class2 from student a ,score b where a.id = b.sid and a.score>90;--内连接,省略inner join
    139  
    140              select a.name ,b.score,a.class2 from student a inner join score b  on a.id = b.sid  where a.score > 90;--内连接,inner join
    141 
    142              #左连接,left join
    143                  #定义:LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(table1)返回所有的行,即使右表(table2)中没有匹配。如果右表中没有匹配,则结果为 NULL144                  #语法:    SELECT column_name(s)
    145                         FROM table1
    146                         LEFT JOIN table2
    147                         ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
    148  
    149              select a.name ,b.score,a.class2 from student a left join score b  on a.id = b.sid  where a.score > 90;--左连接,left join
    150 
    151 
    152              #右连接,right join
    153                  #定义:RIGHT JOIN 关键字从右表(table2)返回所有的行,即使左表(table1)中没有匹配。如果左表中没有匹配,则结果为 NULL154                  #语法:    SELECT column_name(s)
    155                         FROM table1
    156                         RIGHT JOIN table2
    157                         ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
    158  
    159              select a.name ,b.score,a.class2 from student a left join score b  on a.id = b.sid  where a.score > 90;--左连接,left join
    160 
    161 
    162 
    163              授权
    164                  GRANT ALL privileges ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
    165                   GRANT ALL privileges ON byz.* TO 'byz'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
    166                   flush privileges; 

    下面是命令,不是sql语句,在命令行里面执行的。

    1 mysql常用命令:
    2       mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 #登录mysql
    3       mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -A > /tmp/all_data.sql #备份所有数据库
    4       mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 --add-drop-table --add-drop -A > /tmp/all_data.sql #导出带有删除表和删除库的sql
    5       mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 --no-data -d nhy_db > /tmp/all_data.sql #只导出表结构
    6       mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 nhy_db < all_data.sql #恢复数据库

    本文转载自:http://www.nnzhp.cn/archives/798

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bugoobird/p/13408399.html
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