CentOS安装python-2.7+安装pip-10.0.0

注：以下所有操作均在CentOS 6.8 x86_64位系统下完成。

首先查看当前系统预装的python版本：

# whereis python
python2: /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.6
# pthyon --version
Python 2.6.6
# cd /usr/bin
# ls -l python*
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Aug 18  2016 python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 Aug 24  2017 python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4864 Aug 18  2016 python2.6

系统默认安装的是python-2.6.6，由于2.6版本已经不再被支持，所以这里将其升级成2.7版本。

#安装python#

开始下载python并进行编译安装：

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7/Python-2.7.tgz
# tar zxf Python-2.7.tgz
# cd Python-2.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python-2.7
# make && make install

然后配置环境替换默认的python-2.6：

# vim /etc/profile

...
export PY_HOME=/usr/local/python-2.7
export PATH=$PY_HOME/bin:$PATH
...
# source /etc/profile
# python --version
Python 2.7

重新指向python2的软链：

# rm -f /usr/bin/python2
# ln -s /usr/local/python-2.7/bin/python /usr/bin/python2

至此，python安装完毕。

#安装pip#

首先查看当前的pip的版本：

# whereis pip
pip: /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip2.6
# pip --version
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages (python 2.6)

当前的pip是python2.6的，所以同样需要升级安装。

首先需要安装setuptools：

# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab687b47dab03bab4a792e2bbb727a1eb5e0a88e3b86/setuptools-39.0.1.zip
# unzip setuptools-39.0.1.zip
# cd setuptools-39.0.1
# python setup.py install
...
Installed /usr/local/python-2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-39.0.1-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==39.0.1
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==39.0.1

然后安装pip：

# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/69/983a8e47d3dfb51e1463c1e962b2ccd1d74ec4e236e232625e353d830ed2/pip-10.0.0.tar.gz
# tar zxf pip-10.0.0.tar.gz
# cd pip-10.0.0
# python setup.py install
...
Installed /usr/local/python-2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip==10.0.0
Finished processing dependencies for pip==10.0.0

然后配置环境替换默认的pip：

# which pip
/usr/local/python-2.7/bin/pip
# source /etc/profile
# pip --version
pip 10.0.0 from /usr/local/python-2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.0-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

至此，安装完成。