一、获取线程运行时异常
在Thread类中有四个:
public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh):为某个特定线程指定UncaughtExceptionHandler
public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh):设置全局的UncaughtExceptionHandler
public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler():获取特定线程的UncaughtExceptionHandler
public static UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler():获取全局的UncaughtExceptionHandler
1.1、UncaughtExceptionHandler
线程在执行单元中是不允许抛出checked异常的,而且线程运行在自己的上下文中,派生他的线程将无法直接获得他运行中出现的异常信息。对此,java提供了UncaughtExceptionHandler接口,当线程在运行过程中出现异常时,会回调UncaughtExceptionHandler接口,从而得知哪个线程在运行时出错,以及出现什么样的错误。
@FunctionalInterface public interface UncaughtExceptionHandler { /** * Method invoked when the given thread terminates due to the * given uncaught exception. * <p>Any exception thrown by this method will be ignored by the * Java Virtual Machine. * @param t the thread * @param e the exception */ void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e); }
UncaughtExceptionHandler是一个FunctionalInterface,只有一个抽象方法,该接口会被Thread的dispatchUncaughtException方法调用,如:
/** * Dispatch an uncaught exception to the handler. This method is * intended to be called only by the JVM. */ private void dispatchUncaughtException(Throwable e) { getUncaughtExceptionHandler().uncaughtException(this, e); }
当线程在运行过程中出现异常时,JVM会调用dispatchUncaughtException方法,该方法会将对应线程实例以及异常消息传递给回调接口
1.2、实例
public static void main(String[] args) { Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> { System.out.println(t.getName() + " occur execption."); e.printStackTrace(); }); final Thread thread = new Thread(() -> { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println(1 / 0); }, "Test-Thread"); thread.start(); }
输出
Test-Thread occur execption. java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at com.github.bjlhx15.common.threaddemo
此种设计方式比较常见,如Google的guava toolkit的EventBus。
1.3、源码
比较简单,主要是线程出现异常→main Group→System Group→System.err
二、注入钩子线程
2.1、Hook线程
通过Runtime可以为JVM进程退出时注入多个Hook线程。如下
public static void main(String[] args) { Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(()->{ System.out.println("第1个hook,start"); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("第1个hook,end"); })); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(()->{ System.out.println("第2个hook,start"); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("第2个hook,end"); })); System.out.println("程序结束。"); }
输出:
程序结束。
第1个hook,start
第2个hook,start
第1个hook,end
第2个hook,end
2.2、实例
防止某个程序被重复启动,在进程启动时候创建一个lock文件,进程收到中断信号的时候会删除这个lock文件,比如mysql、zk、kafka等均能看到lock文件存在。
public class ThreadDemo11PreventDuplicatedHook { private final static String LOCK_PATH="/Users/lihongxu6/tmp/"; private final static String LOCK_FILE=".lock"; private final static String PERMISSIONS="rw-------"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { checkRunning(); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(()->{ System.out.println("The program received kill signal."); getLockFile().toFile().delete(); })); while (true){ try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); System.out.println("program is running."); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private static void checkRunning() throws IOException { Path path=getLockFile(); if(path.toFile().exists()) throw new RuntimeException("The program already running."); Set<PosixFilePermission> perms= PosixFilePermissions.fromString(PERMISSIONS); Files.createFile(path,PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(perms)); } private static Path getLockFile(){ return Paths.get(LOCK_PATH,LOCK_FILE); } }
运行过程中会出现
-rw------- 1 lihongxu6 lihongsuDomain Users 0 Feb 18 17:23 .lock
在程序正常退出或者kill pid、kill -1 pid之后,JVM进程会收到中断信号,并且启动hook线程删除.lock文件,
program is running.
The program received kill signal.
2.3、注意事项
Hook线程只有在收到退出信号的时候被执行,如果在kill时候使用-9强杀进程,hook不会被执行。
hook线程一般用于一些资源释放工作,比如关闭句柄、socket连接、数据库的connection等
尽量不要做非常耗时操作