题目:一个链表中包括环。怎样找出环的入口结点?
解题思路
能够用两个指针来解决问题。先定义两个指针P1和P2指向链表的头结点。假设链表中环有n个结点,指针P1在链表上向前移动n步,然后两个指针以同样的速度向前移动。
当第二个指针指向环的入口结点时,第一个指针已经环绕着环走了一圈又回到了入口结点。
剩下的问题就是怎样得到环中结点的数目。我们在面试题15的第二个相关题目时用到了一快一慢的两个指针。
假设两个指针相遇,表明链表中存在环。两个指针相遇的结点一定是在环中。
能够从这个结点出发。一边继续向前移动一边计数,当再次回到这个结点时就能够得到环中结点数了。
结点定义
private static class ListNode {
private int val;
private ListNode next;
public ListNode() {
}
public ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return val +"";
}
}
代码实现
public class Test56 {
private static class ListNode {
private int val;
private ListNode next;
public ListNode() {
}
public ListNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return val +"";
}
}
public static ListNode meetingNode(ListNode head) {
ListNode fast = head;
ListNode slow = head;
while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
fast = fast.next.next;
slow = slow.next;
if (fast == slow) {
break;
}
}
// 链表中没有环
if (fast == null || fast.next == null) {
return null;
}
// fast又一次指向第一个结点
fast = head;
while (fast != slow) {
fast = fast.next;
slow = slow.next;
}
return fast;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
// 1->2->3->4->5->6
private static void test01() {
ListNode n1 = new ListNode(1);
ListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);
ListNode n3 = new ListNode(3);
ListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);
ListNode n5 = new ListNode(5);
ListNode n6 = new ListNode(6);
n1.next = n2;
n2.next = n3;
n3.next = n4;
n4.next = n5;
n5.next = n6;
System.out.println(meetingNode(n1));
}
// 1->2->3->4->5->6
// ^ |
// | |
// +--------+
private static void test02() {
ListNode n1 = new ListNode(1);
ListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);
ListNode n3 = new ListNode(3);
ListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);
ListNode n5 = new ListNode(5);
ListNode n6 = new ListNode(6);
n1.next = n2;
n2.next = n3;
n3.next = n4;
n4.next = n5;
n5.next = n6;
n6.next = n3;
System.out.println(meetingNode(n1));
}
// 1->2->3->4->5->6 <-+
// | |
// +---+
private static void test03() {
ListNode n1 = new ListNode(1);
ListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);
ListNode n3 = new ListNode(3);
ListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);
ListNode n5 = new ListNode(5);
ListNode n6 = new ListNode(6);
n1.next = n2;
n2.next = n3;
n3.next = n4;
n4.next = n5;
n5.next = n6;
n6.next = n6;
System.out.println(meetingNode(n1));
}
}