Cypress的特点
1. 基于node.js环境的E2E前端自动化测试框架
2. 支持Chrome和Firefox浏览器,自动等待
3. 不用web driver驱动浏览器,运行速度快
4. 支持失败用例自动截屏
5. 对运行过程的自动录制视频
6. 时光穿梭看各步骤的snapshoot
7. 支持CI和并发运行,收集测试结果
8. 支持Junit+Allure生成测试报告
安装和使用
安装node.js之后,运行命令安装cypress
$ npm install cypress --save-dev
启动待测服务/应用
$ npm start & wait-on http://localhost:8080
启动Cypress Test Runner
$ npx cypress open
运行指定用例,使用Chrome浏览器
$ npx cypress run --spec "cypress/integration/login.js" --browser chrome
演示用例 login.js
//用例集 describe('UI loginTest',function(){ //用例 it('console root login',function(){ //打开页面 cy.visit('http://localhost:8080/rootlogin') cy.url().should('contain','randomKey') //输入用户,密码,点击登录 cy.get('[name=username]').type('root') .should('have.value','root') cy.get('[name=password]').type('password') .should('have.value','password') cy.get('.el-button').click() //登录后进入页面 cy.title().should('contain','系统管理员') cy.wait(1000) //登出 cy.contains('root').click() cy.contains("退出登录").click() cy.url().should('contain','randomKey') }) it('console user login', function(){ // user login test }) })
元素定位方式
cy.get() - 按CSS或元素特定属性进行定位,累JQuery selection
cy.contains() - 按特定字符串匹配进行元素定位
cy.xpath() - 按XPATH进行定位,需安装 cypress-xpath:
1) npm install cypress-xpath --save-dev
2) 在cypress/support/index.js 中添加: require('cypress-xpath')
页面操作
- type
- focus
- blur
- clear
- submit
- click
- dblclick
- rightclick
- check
- uncheck
- select
- scrollIntoView
- scrollTo
- trigger
HOOK 钩子示例
describe('Hooks', () => { before(() => { // runs once before all tests in the block cy.log("所有的用例之前只执行一次,测试准备工作") }) after(() => { // runs once after all tests in the block cy.log("所有的用例之后只执行一次") }) beforeEach(() => { // runs before each test in the block cy.log("每个用例之前都会执行") }) afterEach(() => { // runs after each test in the block cy.log("每个用例之后都会执行") }) it('test case 1', () => { cy.log("test case 1") expect(true).to.eq(true) }) it('test case 2', () => { cy.log("test case 2") expect(true).to.eq(true) }) })
测试数据准备
describe('The Dashboard Page', () => { beforeEach(() => { // reset and seed the database prior to every test // seed a user in the DB that we can control from our tests cy.exec('npm run db:reset && npm run db:seed') cy.request('POST', '/test/seed/user', { username: 'jane.lane' }) .its('body') .as('currentUser') }) it('logs in programmatically without using the UI', function () { // destructuring assignment of the this.currentUser object const { username, password } = this.currentUser // programmatically log us in without needing the UI cy.request('POST', '/login', { username, password }) // now that we're logged in, we can visit // any kind of restricted route! cy.visit('/dashboard') // our auth cookie should be present cy.getCookie('your-session-cookie').should('exist') // UI should reflect this user being logged in cy.get('h1').should('contain', 'jane.lane') }) })
参数化
describe('参数化案例,输入不同的值', function() { // 定义测试数据 var testdatas = ["北京", "上海", "南京"] // 前置-打开浏览器 before(() => { cy.visit('https://www.baidu.com') }) // 参数化 testdatas.forEach((event) => { it("百度输入框功能", function () { cy.get('#kw').type(event) .should('have.value', event) .clear() .should('have.value', '') }) }) })
Fixture文件读取测试数据
把账号和密码放login.json文件,
{ "username": "admin", "password": "password", "include": "/test/my/", "text": "测试" }
用login.json中的fixture数据登录网页
describe('登陆网站', function() { beforeEach(() => { cy.visit('http://ip:8080/login'); cy.fixture('login.json').as('login') }) it("登陆案例", function (){ cy.log("读取login.json文件账号:"+this.login.username) cy.log("读取login.json文件密码:"+this.login.password) // let 定义变量 let username = this.login.username let password = this.login.password let include = this.login.include let text = this.login.text //输入用户名 cy.get('#account').type(username) .should('have.value', username) // 输入密码 cy.get('[name="password"]').type(password) .should('have.value', password) // 提交表单 cy.get('#submit').click() // 判断页面跳转 cy.url().should('include', include) cy.get('body').should('contain', text) }) })
多个用例共享Cookie
describe('Dashboard', () => { before (() => { cy.login() // log in only once before any of the tests run. }) beforeEach (() => { Cypress.Cookies.preserveOnce('session_id', 'remember_token') }) it('displays stats', () => { // ... }) it('can do something', () => { // ... }) })
JUnit/Allure产生测试报告
在cypress.json中添加配置, [hash]使得每个测试集产生自己的测试结果xml文件(否则会被覆盖):
{ "reporter": "junit", "reporterOptions": { "mochaFile": "results/test_report_[hash].xml", "toConsole": true } }
执行用例
$ npx cypress run
产生报告
$ allure generate ./result/ -o ./report/ --clean
关闭Chrome跨域检查
在cypress.json中加入如下配置:
{ "chromeWebSecurity": false, }
重跑失败用例的插件
Cypress Test Runner上单跑或跳过某个用例
https://github.com/bahmutov/cypress-skip-and-only-ui
重跑失败的用例
https://github.com/Bkucera/cypress-plugin-retries