Java--父类的引用指向子类的对象详解！

例：

　　第一步.创建一个Person类

package com.maya.ball;

public class Person {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    
    public Person(int age,String name){
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public void speak(){
        
    }
    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

　　第二步.创建American类继承Person类。

package com.maya.basketball;

import com.maya.ball.Person;

public class American extends Person {
    public double height;-----------------------------新增成员变量
    
    public American(int age,String name,double height){
        super(age, name);
        this.height = height;

    }
    public void speak(){
        System.out.println("我年龄："+ this.getAge() +"，我叫："+getName()+"，我身高："+height);
    }
}

　　第三步.创建Chinese类，同意继承Person类

package com.maya.football;

import com.maya.ball.Person;

public class Chinese extends Person{

    private String sex;-------------------新增成员变量
    
    public Chinese(int age, String name,String sex) {
        super(age, name);
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    
    public void speak(){
        System.out.println("我年龄："+ getAge() +"，我叫："+ this.getName() +"，我性别："+sex);
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}

　　第四步.创建Test1类，通过show方法把Person的对象作为参数传进去

package com.maya.test;

import com.maya.ball.Person;
import com.maya.basketball.American;
import com.maya.football.Chinese;

public class Test1 {
    public void show(Person per){
        if(per instanceof American){
            American am = (American) per;
            System.out.println(am.height);
        }
        if(per instanceof Chinese){
            Chinese ch = (Chinese) per;
            System.out.println(ch.getSex());
        }
    }
}

　　第五步.创建Main方法进行调用

package com.maya.test;

import com.maya.ball.Person;
import com.maya.basketball.American;
import com.maya.football.Chinese;

public class Main1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Person per = new American(32,"小明",175);
        American american = (American) per;
        double s = american.height;
        System.out.println(s);
        
        Person ame = new American(32,"小明",180);
        ame.speak();
        Person chinese = new Chinese(23,"小李","女");
        chinese.speak();
        Test1 t = new Test1();
        t.show(ame);
        t.show(chinese);
        
    }

}